ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ: ᛒᚩᚳᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚻᚩᚱᛞ

ᚪ. ᛠᛚᛞᚩᚱ-ᚷᛖᛋᛖᚷᛖᚾ

ᚦᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚩᚦᛚᛁᚳᛖ ᚷᛖᚷᚪᛞᛖᚱᚩᛞ ᛏᚩ ᚱᚫᛞᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛏᚩ ᛞᛖᛗᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚻᚢ ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᚪᛋ ᛗᛁᛞ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚱᛖ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ1. ᚹᛖ ᛋᛇᚳᚪᚦ ᛏᚩ ᛋᚳᛁᚱᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᚪ ᛥᚫᚠᚪᛋ, ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᚾᛁᛋ ᚾᚪᚾ ᛋᚳᚩᚱᛏ ᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ-ᚱᚢᚾ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛋᚳᚪᛞᚢ-ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ, ᚪᚳ ᛞᛇሿ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᛁᚳᛖᛚ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚦ ᛋᚩᚦᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᚱᚩᛏᚪᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖ4. ᚦᚪ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᛖ ᚻᚫᚠᛞᚩᚾ ᚱᛁᚳᛖ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛗᚪᚷ ᛒᛇᚾ ᚷᛖᛒᚱᚢᚳᛖᚾ ᛏᚩ ᚾᛖᛗᚾᛖᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᚪ ᚾᛁᚹᚪᚾ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ-ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᚪᛋ ᛒᚢᛏᚪᚾ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᚢᛗ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᛖᛗᛞᚢᛗ ᛥᚪᚠᚢᛗ6. ᚦᚢᚱᚻ ᚦᚪᛋ ᛚᚪᚱᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚᛁᚪᚾ ᚪᚾ ᛗᛁᚳᛖᛚ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ, ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛖᚪᛚᛚ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᛋᚳᛠᚹᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚪᚾ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚪᛋ, ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝᛖ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚ-ᚱᛖᚷᚩᚚᚪᛋ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛖ ᚦᚢᚱᚠᚩᚾ ᛏᚩ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾᚾᛖ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᛋᚳᛁᛖᚾᚳᛖ-ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢ8.

ᛒ. ᛥᚫᚱ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖᛋ

ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛖ, ᛋᛠᛉᛖ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᛁᛋᚪᛋ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚩᚾ ᚦᚪ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚠᛁᚠᛏᚪᚾ ᚻᚢᚾᛞᚷᛠᚱᛖ ᚩᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛚᛚᛖᚠᛏᛖ2. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛠᛚᛞᛖ ᚠᚢᚦᚪᚱᚳ ᚻᚫᚠᛞᛖ ᚠᛇᚹᛖᚱ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛏᚹᛇᚾᛏᛁᚷ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ, ᚪᚳ ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛖ ᚷᛖᛇᚳᛏᚩᚾ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚾᛁᚹᚢᛗ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚢᛗ. ᚦᚩᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚪᛋ ᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚩᚾ ᛗᚪᚾᛁᚷᚠᛠᛚᛞᛖ, ᚦᚪ ᚱᚢᚾ-ᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪᛋ ᛗᚪᚳᚩᛞᚩᚾ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚪ’ (ᚪᚳ), ‘ᚫ’ (ᚫᛋᚳ), ᚪᚾᛞ ‘ᚩ’ (ᚩᛋ) ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚪᚾᛋᚢᛉ-ᛥᚫᚠᛖ10. ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᚱᚢᚦᚹᛖᛚᛚ ᚱᚩᛞᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚠᚱᚪᚾᚳᛋ ᚳᛁᛥᛖ ᚹᛖ ᛋᛇᚩᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚠᚢᛚᛚᚪᚾ ᛥᚫᚠ-ᚱᚫᚹᛖ ᛗᛁᛞ ᚦᚱᛁᛏᛁᚷ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᚩ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚦᚱᛁᛏᛁᚷ ᛥᚪᚠᚢᛗ11.
ᚦᛖᚩᛋ ᛥᚫᚠ-ᚱᚫᚹ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚹᛁᚦᛖ ᛗᛁᚻᛏᛁᚷ ᛏᚩ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚪᛋ ᚦᛖ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᚾᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾ ᛒᚢᛏᚪᚾ ᛞᛁᚷᚱᚪᛈᚻᛋ13. ᚦᚪ ᛒᚩᚳᛖᚱᚪᛋ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛗᚣᚾᛥᚱᚢᛗ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚩᚾ ᛖᚪᚳ ᚱᚢᚾᚪ ᚩᚾ ᚻᛁᚱᚪ ᛗᚪᚾᚢᛋᚳᚱᛁᛈᛏᚢᛗ, ᛒᚱᚢᚳᛖᚾᛞᛖ ᚦᚪ ᚱᚢᚾᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ (ᛚᛟᚷᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛊ) ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛗ ᚠᚩᚱ ‘ᛗᚪᚾᚾ’ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛟ ᚠᚩᚱ ‘ᛇᚦᛖᛚ‘4. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛋᚳᛠᚹᚪᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚦᚪ ᚱᚢᚾᚪ ᚹᚫᚱᚩᚾ ᚾᚪᚻᛏ ᚪᚾᛖᛈ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛥᚪᚾᛖ, ᚪᚳ ᛖᚪᚳ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛒᚩᚳᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ. ᚹᛖ ᚻᚪᛒᛒᚪᚦ ᛖᚪᚳ ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚱᚢᚾ-ᛚᛇᚩᚦ (ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛖᛗ) ᚦᛖ ᚷᛁᚠᚦ ᚢᛋ ᚦᚪ ᚾᚪᛗᚪᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᛠᛚᚳᛖᛋ ᛥᚫᚠᛖᛋ15.

ᚳ. ᛋᚹᛖᚷ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚹᛇᚱᚦ ᛒᚱᛖᛞ

ᚻᛖᚱ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᛖ ᛒᚱᛖᛞ ᛠᛚᚱᚪ ᛥᚪᚠᚪ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛒᚱᛖᛞ ᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚪᚾ ᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞᛖ (ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ) ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ9.

ᛞ. ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᛚᚪᛋ

ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝ (ᛟᚱᚦᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛃ) ᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ ᛁᛋ ᚾᚪᚻᛏ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛁᛚᚳᛖ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚩᚾ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ. ᚹᛖ ᛋᚳᚢᛚᚩᚾ ᚠᚩᛚᚷᛁᚪᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᛚᚢᛗ ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚳᛚᚫᚾᛖ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ. ᚫᚱᛥ, ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᛞᚫᛚᛖᛞ ᛗᛁᛞ ᚱᚢᛗᛖ (ᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛗᛁᛞ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛋᚳᚢᛗ ᛈᚢᚾᚳᛏᚢᛗ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛫ (ᚢ+16ᛖᛒ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛬ (ᚢ+16ᛖᚲ)17. ᚩᚾ ᚦᛁᛋᛋᚢᛗ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾᛖ ᚱᚢᛗᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛖᚪᚦᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ, ᚪᚳ ᚦᚪ ᛈᚢᚾᚳᛏᚪᛋ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚷᚩᛞᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᛏᚱᛖᛝᚢᛗ. ᚩᚦᛖᚱ, ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ ᚾᚫᚠᚦ ᚾᚪᚾᛖ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᛖ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ (ᚲᚨᛈᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ). ᛠᛚᛚ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᛖᚠᛖᚾ-ᛗᛁᚳᛚᛖ19. ᚦᚱᛁᛞᛞᛖ, ᛏᚹᛇᚠᛠᛚᛞᛖ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ (ᚷᛖᛗᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛟᚾᚨᚾᛏᛊ) ᚹᚫᚱᚩᚾ ᚩᚠᛏ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚪᚾ ᛥᚫᚠ ᚩᚾ ᛥᚪᚾᛖ, ᚪᚳ ᚩᚾ ᛒᚩᚳᚢᛗ ᚻᛁᛖ ᚹᚫᚱᚩᚾ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛏᚹᛇᚠᛠᛚᛞᛖ13. ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᚳᛁᚱᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ ᚩᚾ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚢᛗ, ᚹᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᛏᚹᛇᚠᛠᛚᛞᛖ ᚦᚫᚱ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛋᚹᛖᚷ ᛁᛋ ᛚᚪᛝ (ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᛗᚪᚾᚾ’ ᚾᚪᚻᛏ ‘ᛗᚪᚾ’). ᚠᛇᚩᚱᚦᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚻᛁᚱᚪ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚢᛗ. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ‘ᛊᚺ’ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚳ (ᛋᚳ) ᚾᚪᚻᛏ ᛋᚻ. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ‘ᚲᚺ’ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚳ (ᚳᛖᚾ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚳᚷ20. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ‘ᚦ’ ᛁᛋ ᛠᚠᚱᛖ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚦ (ᚦᚩᚱᚾ), ᚾᚫᚠᚱᛖ ᛏᚻ21. ᚠᛁᚠᛏᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛞᛁᛈᚻᛏᚻᚩᛝ-ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᛠ (ᛠᚱ) ᚪᚾᛞ ᛇ (ᛇᚻ) ᚠᚩᚱ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚢᛗ /æɑ/ ᚪᚾᛞ /ᛖᛟ/. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛗᚪᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝᛖ ᛋᚳᛁᚱᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛖᚪᚦᛖ ᛏᚩ ᚱᚫᛞᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚢᛗ.

ᛖ. ᚹᚩᚱᛞᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᚚᚪᛋ

ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚪᚾ ᛗᛁᚳᛖᛚ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᚦᚢᚱᚠᚩᚾ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ. ᚪᚳ ᚹᛖ ᚾᛖ ᛋᚳᚢᛚᚩᚾ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚾ ᚠᚱᛖᛗᛞᛖ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ’ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ‘ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗ’. ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳ ᛋᚈᚱᚫᚳ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚹᛁᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚳᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖ (ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚢᚾᛞᛁᛜ) ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚠᚠᛁᛉᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ6. ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛖᚾᛞᚩᚳᛖᚾᛏᚱᛁᚳ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛖᛉᚩᚳᛖᚾᛏᚱᛁᚳ ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖ22. ᚠᚩᚱ ᛒᛁᛋᛖᚾᛖ, ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ‘ᛞᚨᛏᚨᛒᚨᛊᛖ’, ᚹᛖ ᚠᛇᚷᚪᚦ ‘ᛒᚩᚳ’ (ᛒᛟᛟᚲ/ᛞᚨᛏᚨ) ᚪᚾᛞ ‘ᚻᚩᚱᛞ’ (ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖ/ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᚹᛖ) ᛏᚩᚷᚫᛞᛖᚱᛖ ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ‘ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ‘23. ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛠᚠᛏᛖᚱ-ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ (ᛊᚢᚠᚠᛁᚲᛊᛖᛊ) ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘-ᚾᛖᛋ’ ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚪᛒᛥᚱᚪᚳᛏ ᚾᚩᚢᚾᛋ (ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥᚾᛖᛋ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛏᚱᚢᚦᚠᚢᛚᚾᛖᛊᛊ), ᚪᚾᛞ ‘-ᚢᛝ’ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚪᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ (ᛋᚹᚢᛏᚩᚚᚢᛝ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᛟᚠ/ᛗᚨᚾᛁᚠᛖᛊᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ)24. ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚠᚩᚱ-ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ (ᛈᚱᛖᚠᛁᚲᛊᛖᛊ) ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚷᛖ-’ ᛏᚩ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚷᛖᚳᚩᛗᛈᛚᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᚪᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ, ᚪᚾᛞ ‘ᚢᚾ-’ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚾᛖᚷᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ6. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛗᚪᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳᛖ ᛋᛏᚱᚪᛝᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᛚᚫᚾᛖ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚻᛠᛚᛞᛖᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚱᚩᛏᚪᛋ7.

ᚠ. ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚻᚩᚱᛞ

ᚻᛖᚱ ᚹᛖ ᛥᚪᚦᚩᚚᛁᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚻᛇᚪᚠᚩᛞ-ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚾᛁᚹᚪᚾ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ, ᚷᛖᚷᚪᛞᛖᚱᚩᛞ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛒᚩᛋᚹᚩᚱᚦ-ᛏᚩᛚᛚᛖᚱᛖ27. ᚫᛚᚳ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛁᛋ ᛞᛇᛈᛚᛁᚳᛖ ᛋᛗᛠᚷᛖᛞ ᛏᚩ ᚦᛇᚹᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᚪ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ-ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᚪᛋ.

• ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ: ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ (ᚨᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ). ᚦᛁᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚳᚢᛗᚦ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ‘ᚪᚾᛞ-’ (ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ/ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞᛊ) ᚪᚾᛞ ‘ᚷᛁᛖᛏᚪᚾ’ (ᛏᛟ ᚷᛖᛏ), ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚾᛞᛖ ᛏᚩ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛥᚪᚾᛞᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛏᚩ ᚷᚱᛁᛈᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗ30. ᚠᚩᚱ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ.
• ᛗᛁᚾᛞ: ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛗᚩᛞ (ᛗᛟᛞ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚻᚣᚷᛖ (ᚺᛃᚷᛖ). ᚦᚪᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛗᚫᚾᚪᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛁᚾᚾᛖᚱᛖ ᚦᚩᚻᛏ-ᚱᚢᛗ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪᚾ28.
• ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᛃ: ᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ (ᚷᛖᛗᛃᚾᛞ) ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᛖᛗᚩᚱᚣ. ᚠᚩᚱ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᛟᚱᚨᚷᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚾ ᚻᚩᚱᛞᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ28.
• ᚲᚾᛟᚹᛚᛖᛞᚷᛖ: ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗ (ᚹᛁᛊᛞᛟᛗ) ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚢᚾᚾᚢᛝ (ᚲᚢᚾᚾᚢᛜ) ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᛖᛞᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚳᚾᚩᚹᛚᛖᛞᚷᛖ30. ᚪᚾ ᚲᚾᛟᚹᛚᛖᛞᚷᛖ ᛒᚨᛊᛖ ᛁᛋ ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗᚻᚩᚱᛞ.
• ᚱᛖᚨᛊᛟᚾᛁᛜ: ᚷᛖᛋᚳᛠᛞᚹᛁᛋᚾᛖᛋ (ᚷᛖᛊᚲᛖᚨᛞᚹᛁᛊᚾᛖᛊ) ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᛚ ᛞᛁᛋᚳᚱᛖᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛚᚩᚷᛁᚳ32. ᚻᛁᛏ ᚦᛇᚹᚪᚦ ᚹᛖᛚ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ-ᚱᛖᚪᛋᚩᚾᛁᛝ.
• ᚱᛖᚲᛟᚱᛞ: ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ (ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛏᛖᚾ ᚱᛖᚳᚩᚱᛞ. ᚠᚩᚱ ᚪᚾ ᛚᚩᚷ ᛖᚾᛏᚱᚣ, ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛗᛠᚱᚳᚢᛝ (ᛗᛖᚨᚱᚲᚢᛜ).
• ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᚹᛖ: ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ (ᛒᛟᚲᚺᛟᚱᛞ) ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛋᚩᚦᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚪᚱᚳᚻᛁᚠᛖ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛚᛁᛒᚱᚪᚱᚣ. ᚻᛁᛏ ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᚪᚾ ᚻᚩᚪᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᛒᚩᚩᛣᛋ23.
• ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ (ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚲᚱæᚠᛏ) ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᛏᚩ ᚱᛁᛗᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚾᚢᛗᛒᛖᚱᛋ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛒᛖᛥᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ23.
• ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ: ᛋᛠᚱᚢ (ᛊᛖᚨᚱᚢ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚳᛖ, ᚪᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚳᛖ, ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛖᚾᚷᛁᚾᛖ. ᚩᚱᚦᚪᚾᚳ (ᛟᚱþᚨᚾᚲ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᛁᚾᚷᛖᚾᛁᚩᚢᛋ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚳᛖ33.
• ᚲᚱᚨᚠᛏ: ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ (ᚲᚱæᚠᛏ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᛋᛣᛁᛚᛚ, ᛋᚳᛁᛖᚾᚳᛖ, ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᚩᚷᚱᚪᛗ.
• ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏ: ᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪ (ᚹᛃᚱᚺᛏᚨ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛣᛖᚱ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛗᚪᛣᛖᚱ. ᛞᚩᛖᚾᛞ (ᛞᛟᛖᚾᛞ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚪᚳᛏᛁᚠᛖ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛏ. ᚪᚾ ᚨᛁ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪ.
• ᛗᛖᛊᛊᛖᛜᛖᚱ: ᛒᚩ᚞ᚪ (ᛒᛟᛞᚨ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚫᚱᛖᚾᛞᚱᚪᚳᚪ (æᚱᛖᚾᛞᚱᚨᚲᚨ) ᛗᚪᛈᛈᛁᚪᚦ ᛏᚩ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᛣ ᛈᚱᚩᛏᚩᚳᚩᛚᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᛖᛋᛋᚪᚷᛖ-ᛈᚪᛋᛋᛖᚱᛋ.
• ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲ: ᚾᛖᛏᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ (ᚾᛖᛏᚷᛖᚹᛖᛟᚱᚲ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛗᛖᛋᚻ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᛣ.
• ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚ: ᛒᛁᛋᛖᚾ (ᛒᛁᛊᛖᚾ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛈᚪᛏᛏᛖᚱᚾ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ36.
• ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚹᛁᛏᛖᚷᚢᛝ (ᚹᛁᛏᛖᚷᚢᛜ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚠᚩᚱᛖᛋᚫᚷᛖᚾ (ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛊæᚷᛖᚾ) ᚠᚩᚱ ᚠᚩᚱᛖᚳᚪᛥᛁᛝ.
• ᛏᚱᚢᚦ: ᛋᚩᚦ (ᛊᛟþ) ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛋᚩᚦᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛏᚱᚢᚦ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᚪᚳᛏ23.
• ᛈᚱᛟᛟᚠ: ᛋᚹᚢᛏᚩᛚᚢᛝ (ᛊᚹᚢᛏᛟᛚᚢᛜ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᛗᚪᚾᛁᚠᛖᛥᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛖᚠᛁᛞᛖᚾᚳᛖ25.
• ᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖ: ᚠᚱᚢᛗᚪ (ᚠᚱᚢᛗᚨ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚫᛋᛈᚱᛁᛝ (æᛊᛈᚱᛁᛜ).
• ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ: ᚪᚾᚹᛠᛚᛞ (ᚨᚾᚹᛖᚨᛚᛞ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᚪᚢᛏᚻᚩᚱᛁᛏᚣ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚩᚾᛏᚱᚩᛚ.
• ᛏᛁᛗᛖ: ᛏᛁᛗᚪ (ᛏᛁᛗᚨ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛏᛁᛞ (ᛏᛁᛞ).
• ᛃᛖᚨᚱ: ᚷᛠᚱ (ᚷᛖᚨᚱ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱ (ᚹᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱ).
• ᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ: ᚷᛖᛚᛁᛗᛈ (ᚷᛖᛚᛁᛗᛈ) ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚩᚳᚳᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
• ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛃ: ᛥᚫᚱ (ᛊᛏæᚱ) ᚳᚢᛗᚦ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᛖ ‘ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨ‘37.
• ᛚᚨᚹ: ᛚᚪᚷᚢ (ᛚᚨᚷᚢ) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚫ (æ).
• ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ: ᛥᛇᚱᚢᛝ (ᛊᛏᛖᛟᚱᚢᛜ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᛥᛇᚱᛁᛝ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᚩᚠᛖᚱᚾᚪᚾᚳᛖ.
• ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚷᛖᛋᚳᚫᚠᛏ (ᚷᛖᛊᚲæᚠᛏ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᚳᚱᛠᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ.

ᚷ. ᚻᚢᚾᛞᛏᛇᚾᛏᛁᚷ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᛁᚠᛏᛁᚷ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ

ᚻᛖᚱ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᛖ ᛒᚱᛖᛞ ᛠᛚᚱᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚪ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚾᛁᚹᚪᚾ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ. ᚫᛚᚳ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚻᚫᚠᚦ ᚻᛁᛋ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ, ᛥᚪᚾᛞ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚢᛗᚪᚾ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛒᚱᛖᛞ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛗᚪᚳᚩᛞ ᛏᚩ ᚦᛇᚹᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚩᚦ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚻᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛠᛚᛚᚢᛗ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ23.

ᚻ. ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᛖᛞ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᛥᚪᚾᛞ

ᛖᚪᛚᛚᛖ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚾ ᚦᛁᛋᛋᚢᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ ᚻᚪᛒᛒᚪᚦ ᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᛥᚪᚾᛞ: ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᛖᛞ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ. ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᛖᛞ (ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛊᛏᛖᛞ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛏᚩᚾᛞᛖᚦ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᚻᛁᛏ ᚠᛁᚾᛞᚪᚾ ᚩᚾ ᛒᚩᛋᚹᚩᚱᚦ-ᛏᚩᛚᛚᛖᚱᛖ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛞᛁᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᚱᚣ ᚩ᠁ ᚩᛚᛞ ᛖᚾᚷᛚᛁᛋᚻ (ᛞᛟᛖ)27. ᚾᛁᚹᛖ (ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᛖᛞ) ᛗᚫᚾᛖᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᛖ ᚻᚪᛒᛒᚪᚦ ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖᛞ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᛖ ᚱᚩᛏᚪᛋ ᛏᚩᚷᚫᛞᛖᚱᛖ ᛏᚩ ᚾᛖᛗᚾᛖᚾᚾᛖ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ-ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᚪᛋ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖ ᚹᚫᚱᚩᚾ ᚷᛖᚳᚢᚦᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛞᚪᚷᚢᛗ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᛖ ᛗᚫᚷᛖᚾ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳᛖ, ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛇ ᛗᚫᚷ ᛠᚠᚱᛖ ᚹᛠᛉᚪᚾ ᛗᛁᛞ ᚾᛁᚹᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗᛖ5.

ᛁ. ᚷᛖᛗᚫᚾᛖ ᚹᚩᚻ ᛏᚩ ᚠᛚᛇᚩᚾᚾᛖ

ᚦᚩᚾᚾᛖ ᛗᚪᚾ ᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ-ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ, ᛗᚪᚾ ᛋᚳᛖᚪᛚ ᚠᛚᛇᚩᚾ ᚦᚪᛋ ᚷᛖᛗᚫᚾᚪᚾ ᚹᚩᚻ (ᛖᚱᚱᛟᚱᛊ)20:

1. ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳᛖ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᚚᚪᛋ: ᚾᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖ. ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚪᚾᛁᛋᚳ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚻᚫᚠᚦ ᚻᛁᛋ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛖ ᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚ7.
2. ᚹᚩᚻ ᛞᛁᚷᚱᚪᛈᚻᛋ: ᚾᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚦ ‘ᚦ’ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛏᚻ. ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦ (ᚦᚩᚱᚾ). ᚾᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚦ ‘ᛊᚺ’ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚻ. ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᛋᚳ. ᚦᛁᛋ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚹᛁᚦᛖ ᛗᛁᚳᛖᛚ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ21.
3. ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ: ᚾᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚦ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ’ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚳᛏᛚᛁᚳᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᚢᛗ. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾᛖᛈ ᛋᚳᚪᛞᚢ-ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ. ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛋᚩᚦᚪᚾ ᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᛏᚩᛚ.

ᛄ. ᛒᚩᚳᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᛁᛋᚢᛝ

ᚦᛖᚩᛋ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᛁᛋᚢᛝ (ᛊᛏᛃᛚᛖ ᚷᚢᛁᛞᛖ) ᚷᛁᚠᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᛚᚪᛋ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ:

• ᚠᚱᛖᛗᛞᛖ ᚾᚪᛗᚪᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚢᚱᛚᛋ: ᚦᚪ ᚾᚪᛗᚪᚾ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚠᚱᛖᛗᛞᛢᛗ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳᚢᛗ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᛠᛚᛚᛖ ᚢᚱᛚ ᛥᚱᛖᛝᚪᛋ, ᛞᚩᛁ, ᚪᚾᛞ ᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞᛖ ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ, ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᛒᛇᚾ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚾ ᚩᚾ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ.
• ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗ: ᚦᚪ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᛖ ᚾᚫᚠᛞᚩᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗ-ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ (ᚾᚢᛗᛖᚱᚨᛚᛊ), ᚪᚳ ᚻᛁᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚩᚾ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠᚢᛚᛚᛁᚳᛖ (ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚪᚾ’, ‘ᛏᚹᛖᚷᛖᚾ’, ‘ᚦᚱᛇ’) ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚩᚾ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᛖ ᚱᚩᛗᚪᚾᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗ40. ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚷᚩᚾ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚾ ᚪᚱᚪᛒᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗ (1, 2, 3) ᚠᚩᚱ ᛖᚪᚦᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ, ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ.
• ᚪᚳᚱᚩᚾᚣᛗᛋ: ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᚱᚾᛖ ᚪᚳᚱᚩᚾᚣᛗᛋ ᛋᚹᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ‘ᚨᛁ’ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ‘ᚾᛚᛈ’, ᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚦ ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚪᚳᚱᚩᚾᚣᛗᛋ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚢᚱᚢᛗ ᚾᛁᚹᚢᛗ ᚹᚩᚱᛞᚢᛗ: ᛋᚪ (ᛋᛠᚱᚢ-ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ) ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᛗᛈ (ᛋᛠᚱᚢ-ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛈᚱᚩᚳᛖᛋᛋ).

ᛣ. ᛋᛇᚳᚢᛝ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ

ᚦᚩᚾᚾᛖ ᛗᚪᚾ ᛋᛇᚳᚦ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ, ᚻᛖ ᛗᚫᚷ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚪᚾ ᚦᚪᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᚷᛖᚠᛇᚷᛖ (ᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺ ᚲᛚᚢᛊᛏᛖᚱᛊ):

• ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ: ᛋᛠᚱᚢ, ᚩᚱᚦᚪᚾᚳ, ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ, ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ.
• ᛗᚩᛞ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ: ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ, ᛗᚩᛞᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ, ᚷᛖᛋᚳᛠᛞᚹᛁᛋᚾᛖᛋ, ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗ.
• ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ: ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ, ᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ, ᛗᛠᚱᚳᚢᛝ, ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ.
• ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ: ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ, ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚱᛁᛗ, ᚱᛁᛗᚢᛝ, ᚷᛖᛏᚫᛚ.
• ᚾᛖᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛒᚩᛞᚪ: ᚾᛖᛏᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ, ᛠᛚᛚᚾᛖᛏ, ᚫᚱᛖᚾᛞᚱᚪᚳᚪ, ᛋᛠᚱᚢᛒᚩᛞᚪ.

ᛚ. ᚠᛁᚠᛏᛁᚷ ᚪᚳᛋᚢᛝᚪ

ᚻᛖᚱ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚠᛁᚠᛏᛁᚷ ᚪᚳᛋᚢᛝᚪ (ᚲᚹᛖᛊᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ) ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛞᛋᚹᚪᚱᚪ ᛒᛖ ᚦᛁᛋᛋᚢᛗ ᚹᛇᚱᚳᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ:

1. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ ᛥᚫᚠ-ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᚦᚫᚱᚪ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᚪ.
2. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛠᚱᚢ? ᛋᛠᚱᚢ ᛁᛋ ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᛁᚷ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚪ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ.
3. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛋ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛥᚪᚾᛞᛁᛝ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗ.
4. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚱᛏᛁ᠁ᛁᚳᛁᚪᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
5. ᚻᚢ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᛁᚳ ‘ᛗᛖᛗᚩᚱᚣ’? ᛒᚱᚢᚳ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ.
6. ᚻᚢ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᛁᚳ ‘ᛞᚪᛏᚪᛒᚪᛋᛖ’? ᛒᚱᚢᚳ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ.
7. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚳᚩᛗᛈᚢᛏᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᚪᛏᚻᛖᛗᚪᛏᛁᚳᛋ.
8. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚩᚱᚦᚪᚾᚳ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛁᚾᚷᛖᚾᚢᛁᛏᚣ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚷᛖᚾᛁᚩᚢᛋ ᛞᛖ᠁ᛁᚳᛖ.
9. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛖᚪᛚᛞ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳ? ᚦᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛇ ᛋᛈᚱᚫᚳ ᚦᚫᚱᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᚪ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚠᛁᚠᛏᚪᚾ ᚩᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛖᛚᛚᛖᚠᛏᛖ ᚻᚢᚾᛞᚷᛠᚱᛖ.
10. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛠᛚᛞᚩᚱᛞᚩᛗ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚢᛏᚻᚩᚱᛁᛏᚣ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛚᚩᚱᛞᛋᚻᛁᛈ.
11. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥᚾᛖᛋ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚱᚢᚦᚠᚢᛚᚾᛖᛋᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚱᛁᚷᚻᛏᛖᚩᚢᛋᚾᛖᛋᛋ.
12. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛒᛁᛋᛖᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛈᚪᛏᛏᛖᚱᚾ.
13. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚠᚩᚱᛖᛒᛁᛋᛖᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛈᚱᚩᛏᚩᛏᚣᛈᛖ.
14. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᛁᛏᛖᚷᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᚩᚱᛖᚳᚪᛥᛁᛝ.
15. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛏ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛣᛖᚱ.
16. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛏ.
17. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚾᛖᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᛣ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᛋᚻ.
18. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛠᛚᛚᚾᛖᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᛖᛏ.
19. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛒᚩᛞᚪ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛗᛖᛋᛋᛖᚾᚷᛖᚱ.
20. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚫᚱᛖᚾᛞᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛗᛖᛋᛋᚪᚷᛖ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᛈᚪᚳᛣᛖᛏ.
21. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛞᚫᛞᛒᚩᚳ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚱᛖᚳᚩᚱᛞ ᚩ᠁ ᛞᛖᛖᛞᛋ.
22. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚩ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚳᚩᚱᛞ.
23. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛗᛠᚷᚪᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚩ ᛁᚾ᠁ᛖᛥᛁᚷᚪᛏᛖ.
24. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚱᛖᛋᚾᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚱᛖᚪᛋᚩᚾᛁᛝ.
25. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛋᚳᛠᛞᚹᛁᛋᚾᛖᛋ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾᚪᛚᛁᛏᚣ.
26. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚩᚦ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚱᚢᚦ.
27. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚹᚢᛏᚩᛚᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛈᚱᚩᚩ᠁ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛖ᠁ᛁᛞᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
28. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚠᚪᚾᛞᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᛖᛥᛁᛝ.
29. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚠᚱᚢᛗᚪ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚩᚢᚱᚳᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚩᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾ.
30. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾᚹᛠᛚᛞ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚢᛏᚻᚩᚱᛁᛏᚣ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛈᚩᚹᛖᚱ.
31. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᛁᛗᚪ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᛁᛗᛖ.
32. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛠᚱ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚣᛠᚱ.
33. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛚᛁᛗᛈ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛖ᠁ᛖᚾᛏ.
34. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛥᚫᚱ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚻᛁᛥᚩᚱᚣ.
35. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛚᚪᚷᚢ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛚᚪᚹ.
36. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛥᛇᚱᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᚩ᠁ᛖᚱᚾᚪᚾᚳᛖ.
37. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛋᚳᚫᚠᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚳᚱᛠᛏᛁᚩᚾ.
38. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᛇᚱᚳ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᚩᚱᛣ.
39. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚠᚱᚩᛞᚾᛖᛋ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚹᛁᛋᛞᚩᛗ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚣᛚᛞᛖ.
40. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛚᚪᚱᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᚳᛁᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
41. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚳᚢᚾᚾᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛖᛉᛈᛖᚱᛁᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
42. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛁᚾᛚᛇᚻᛏᚾᛖᛋ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛁᛚᛚᚢᛗᛁᚾᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ.
43. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛏᚫᛚ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚾᛢᛗᛒᛖᚱ.
44. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚱᛁᛗᚪᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛏᚩ ᚳᚩᚢᚾᛏ.
45. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛚᛁᛥ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛣᛁᛚᛚ ᚩᚦᚦᛖ ᚪᚱᛏ.
46. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛗᛠᚱᚳᚢᛝ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚱᛖᚳᚩᚱᛞᛁᛝ.
47. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚻᚩᚱᛞᚫᚱᚾ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛥᚩᚱᛖᚻᚩᚢᛋᛖ.
48. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛞᚩᛖᚾᛞ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᚪᚳᛏᚩᚱ.
49. ᚻᚹᚫᛏ ᛁᛋ ᛠᛚᛞᚩᚱ? ᚻᛁᛏ ᛁᛋ ᚪᚾ ᛚᛠ᚞ᛖᚱ.
50. ᚻᚢ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᚹᛖ ᚢᚱᛚᛋ? ᚩᚾ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᚢᛗ ᛥᚪᚠᚢᛗ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ.

ᛗ. ᚦᚱᛁᛏᛁᚷ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ-ᚦᛁᛝ

ᚻᛖᚱ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚦᚱᛁᛏᛁᚷ ᚷᚩᛞᛖ ᚦᛁᛝ (ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ ᛊᚢᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛊ) ᚠᚩᚱ ᛗᚪᚱᚪᚾ ᛒᚩᚳᚢᛗ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ:

1. ᛥᚫᚱ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ.
2. ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᚩᚾ ᛗᛁᛞᛞᚪᚾᚷᛠᚱᛞᛖ.
3. ᚻᚢ ᚹᛖ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚪᚦ ᚾᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚾ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᛖ.
4. ᚦᚫᛏ ᛗᛁᚳᛚᛖ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚻᛁᛋ ᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ.
5. ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛋᛠᚱᚢᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚢᛗ.
6. ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚠᚱᚪᚾᚳᛋ ᚳᛁᛥᛖ.
7. ᚦᚪ ᛋᚹᛖᚷᚪᛋ ᚦᚫᚱᛖ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ.
8. ᛋᛠᚱᚢᛒᚩᛞᚪᛋ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᛚᛚᚾᛖᛏᛏᛖ.
9. ᚹᛁᛏᛖᚷᚢᛝ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᚩᚱᛖᛋᚫᚷᛖᚾ ᛗᛁᛞ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚢᛗ.
10. ᚪᚠᚪᚾᛞᚢᛝ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥᚾᛖᛋ.
11. ᛗᚩᛞᚷᛖᛗᚣᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚩᚷᚾᛁᛏᛁᚩᚾ.
12. ᚷᛖᛋᚳᛠᛞᚹᛁᛋᚾᛖᛋ ᚩᚾ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚢᛗ.
13. ᚻᚩᚱᛞᚫᚱᚾ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛞᚪᛏᚪᛒᚪᛋᛖᛋ.
14. ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᛒᚩᚳ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚳᚪᛚᛖᚾᛞᚪᚱᛋ.
15. ᚩᚱᚦᚪᚾᚳᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ ᚩᚾ ᛥᚫᚱᛖ.
16. ᛚᚪᚱᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛋᚳᛁᛖᚾᚳᛖ.
17. ᚷᛖᛋᚳᛠᛞᚹᚣᚱᚻᛏᚪ ᚪᚷᛖᚾᛏᛋ.
18. ᚫᚱᛖᚾᛞᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏ ᛈᚱᚩᛏᚩᚳᚩᛚᛋ.
19. ᚻᚣᚷᛖᚹᛖᛒ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚪᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᚩᚱᛣᛋ.
20. ᛋᛠᚱᚢᛒᛁᛋᛖᚾ ᛗᚩᛞᛖᛚᛋ.
21. ᚱᛁᛗᚠᚩᚱᛖᛒᚩᛞᚪ ᚪᛚᚷᚩᚱᛁᛏᚻᛗᛋ.
22. ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᚾᛖᛋ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚠᛖᚱᛁ᠁ᛁᚳᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ.
23. ᛒᚩᚳᛋᛈᚱᚣᛝ ᛋᚩᚢᚱᚳᛖᛋ.
24. ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚪᚾᚹᛠᛚᛞ ᚪᚳᚳᛖᛋᛋ.
25. ᛏᛁᛞᚷᛖᛚᛁᛗᛈ ᛏᚱᚪᚾᛋᚪᚳᛏᛁᚩᚾᛋ.
26. ᛥᚫᚱᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖᚱᛖ ᛚᚩᚷᛋ.
27. ᛚᚪᚷᚢᚱᛁᚻᛏ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛋ.
28. ᛋᛠᚱᚢᛥᛇᚱᚢᛝ ᚷᚩ᠁ᛖᚱᚾᚪᚾᚳᛖ.
29. ᚷᛖᛋᚳᚫᚠᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚪᛏᛁᚩᚾ.
30. ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳ ᛋᚈᚱᚫᚳ ᚩᚾ ᛗᚪᚳᛁᚾᚢᛗ.

ᚾ. ᚹᛁᚻᛏ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ ᛗᛠᚱᚳᚢᛝ

ᚦᛁᛋ ᛁᛋ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚷᛖᚹᛇᚱᚳ ᚦᛖ ᛋᚳᛠᚹᚪᚦ ᚻᚢ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᚪᚦ ᛏᚩᚷᚫᛞᛖᚱᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᚻᚩᚱᛞᛖ:

ᚩ. ᚠᚱᚢᛗᚪ-ᛒᚩᚳ

ᚹᛖ ᚻᚪᛒᛒᚪᚦ ᚷᛖᛒᚱᚢᚳᛖᚾ ᛗᚪᚾᛁᚷᛖ ᛠᛚᛞᛖ ᛒᚩᚳ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢ ᛏᚩ ᛥᚪᚦᚩᚚᛁᚪᚾᚾᛖ ᚦᛁᛋ ᚹᛇᚱᚳ. ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᛒᚩᛋᚹᚩᚱᚦ-ᛏᚩᛚᛚᛖᚱᛖ27. ᚦᚪ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ-ᛥᚪᚠᚪᛋ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚪᚾ ᚱᚢᚾ-ᛚᛇᚩᚦᛖ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚦᚫᛗ ᚠᚱᚪᚾᚳᛋ ᚳᛁᛥᛖ11. ᚦᚪ ᚾᛁᚹᚪᚾ ᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᚪᛋ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᛒᚩᚳᛖᚱᚢᛗ ᚩᚾ ᚷᛖᚱᛁᛗᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏᛖ5. ᚦᚫᛏ ᚹᛇᚱᚳ ᚠᚱᚪᛗ ᛒᛁᚱᛣᛖᛏᛏ ᛋᚳᛠᚹᚪᚦ ᚻᚢ ᚦᚪ ᛖᛝᛚᛖ ᛒᚱᚢᚳᚩᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᚪ ᛋᚹᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᛏᚪᚳᛖᚾ4. ᚦᚪ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛝᛖ ᚱᛖᚷᚩᛚᚪᛋ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᛥᚪᚦᚩᛚᚩᛞ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛋᚩᚦᚪᚾ ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏᛖ ᚦᚫᚱᚪ ᛖᚪᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᚪᚾᚢᛋᚳᚱᛁᛈᛏᚪ2.

ᛈ. ᛋᚩᚦᚠᚫᛥᚾᛖᛋ-ᛗᚫᚦ

ᚹᛖ ᚻᚪᛒᛒᚪᚦ ᚻᛇᚪᚻᚾᛖ ᚷᛖᛚᛇᚠᚪᚾ ᚩᚾ ᚦᛁᛋᛋᚢᛗ ᚹᛇᚱᚳᛖ. ᛠᛚᛚ ᚦᚪ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᛋᚩᚦᛚᛁᚳᛖ ᚷᛖᚳᚣᚦᛖᛞ ᚩᚾ ᛠᛚᛞᚢᛗ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚢᛗ ᚷᛖᚹᚱᛁᛏᚢᛗ. ᚦᚪ ᚾᛁᚹᚪᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᛋᛁᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᛗᚪᚳᚩᛞ ᛗᛁᛞ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚢᛗ ᛖᛝᛚᛁᛋᚳᚢᛗ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ-ᚷᛖ᠁ᛇᚷᚢᛗ. ᚦᛖᚩᛋ ᛥᚫ᠁-ᚱᚫᚹ ᛁᛋ ᛋᛏᚱᚪᛝ ᚪᚾᛞ ᛗᛁᚻᛏᛁᚷ ᛏᚩ ᚻᛠᛚᛞᛖᚾᚾᛖ ᛠᛚᛚ ᚦᚫᛏ ᛋᛠᚱᚢ-ᚪᚾᛞᚷᛁᛖᛏ.

ᛢ. ᛒᚩᚳ-ᚷᛖᛏᚫᛚ

ᚦᛖᚪᚻ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᚪᚾ ᛠᛚᛚ ᚩᚾ ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳᛖ, ᚹᛖ ᛗᚩᛏᚩᚾ ᚻᛠᛚᛞᚪᚾ ᚦᚪ ᛒᚩᚳ-ᚾᚪᛗᚪᚾ ᚩᚾ ᛚᚫᛞᛖᚾᛖ ᚠᚩᚱ ᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖᛋᛋᛖ:

1. ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ, ᛃ. (2014). ᚨᚾ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, ᛖᛞᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛟᛗᚨᛊ ᚾᛟᚱᚦᚲᛟᛏᛖ ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ, ᚲᚺᚱᛁᛊᛏ ᛊᛖᚨᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚾᛞřᛖᛃ ᛏᛁᚲᚺý. ᛈᚱᚨᚷᚢᛖ: ᚠᚨᚲᚢᛚᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛊ, ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛚᛖᛊ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ. https://bosworthtoller.com27.
2. ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛏᛁᚢᛗ. (2024). ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ, ᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛟᚾ 17.0.0, ᚲᚺᚨᛈᛏᛖᚱ 8: ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖ-ᛁ. “ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ: ᚢ+16ᚨ0–ᚢ+16ᚠᚠ”.17.
3. ᚺᚨᛚᛊᚨᛚᛚ, ᛗ. (1981). ᚦᛖ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛖᛗ: ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᛗᚲᛗᚨᛊᛏᛖᚱ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᛊ 2. ᛏᛟᚱᛟᚾᛏᛟ: ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛏᛟᚱᛟᚾᛏᛟ Press.15.
4. ᛒᛁᚱᚲᛖᛏᛏ, ᛏ. (2010). “ᚦᛖ ᚨᛚᛃᛊᛖᚾᛞᛚᛖᚲᚨᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ: ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᚨᛒᛒᚱᛖᚹᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖ ᛚᛁᛏᛖᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ.” ᛈᚱᛖᛈᚱᛁᚾᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ 7ᚦ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛗᛈᛟᛊᛁᚢᛗ ᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛊᚲᚱᛁᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛟᛊᛚᛟ 2010.4.
5. ᛒᚱᛁᛏᛁᛊᚺ ᛗᚢᛊᛖᚢᛗ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᚨᛏᚨᛒᚨᛊᛖ. (n.d.). ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛊ ᚲᚨᛊᚲᛖᛏ. ᚱᛖᚷᛁᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚾᚢᛗᛒᛖᚱ: 1867,0120.1.11.
6. ᛟᛗᚾᛁᚷᛚᛟᛏ. (n.d.). ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ (ᚠᚢᚦᛟᚱᚲ). ᚱᛖᛏᚱᛁᛖᚹᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ https://www.omniglot.com/writing/futhorc.htm2.
7. ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ. (2024). ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ.9.
8. ᛖᚹᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾ, ᛗ., & ᚹᛖᛊᛏ, ᚨ. (2011). “ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᚨᛚ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚾᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚨᛞᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚨᚲᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲᛊ.” ᛁᛊᛟ/ᛁᛖᚲ ᛃᛏᚲ1/ᛊᚲ2/ᚹᚷ2 N4013.18.
9. ᛗᚨᚱᛏíᚾ-ᚨᚱᛁᛊᛏᚨ, ᛃ. (2024). “ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ.” ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, MDPI.5.
10. ᛊᚢᚲᚺᚨᚱᛖᚹᚨ, ᛗ., & ᚲᚺᛁᚨᚱᚲᛟᛊ, ᚲ. (2014). “ᚹᛟᚱᛞ ᛊᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ.” ᚷᛊᚲᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛖᛞᛁᛜᛊ.46.
11. ᛈᚨᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ, ᛞ. (1994). “ᚦᛖ ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚺᚱᛟᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ‘ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᚠᚱᛁᛊᛁᚨᚾ’ ᚨᛞᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ.” ᚨᛗᛊᛏᛖᚱᛞᚨᛗᛖᚱ ᛒᛖᛁᛏᚱäᚷᛖ ᛉᚢᚱ äᛚᛏᛖᚱᛖᚾ ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲ.10.
12. ᛊᚨᛗᛈᛊᛟᚾ, ᚷ. (n.d.). ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛟᚱᚦᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛃ: ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ.13.
13. ᛚᛟᛟᛁᛃᛖᛜᚨ, ᛏ. (2003). ᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛚᛞᛖᛊᛏ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛊᚲᚱᛁᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ. ᛚᛖᛁᛞᛖᚾ: Brill.47.
14. ᛏᚱᛖᚹᛁᛊᚨ, ᛃ. (n.d.). ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᛗᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᛁᛞᛞᛚᛖ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ. DMLBS.7.

ᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚲᛁᛏᛖᛞ

1. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ: ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ, ᛚᛟᚱᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᚲᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᚦᛟᚱᚲ - ᛈᚨᚷᚨᚾᚺᛖᛁᛗ, https://paganheim.com/blogs/culture-religion/the-anglo-saxon-runes-language-lore-and-legacy-of-the-futhorc
2. ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ (ᚠᚢᚦᛟᚱᚲ) - ᛟᛗᚾᛁᚷᛚᛟᛏ, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/futhorc.htm
3. ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ: ᚨ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛚᛟᚹ-ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖᛊ - ᚨᚱᚲᛊᛁᚹ, https://arxiv.org/html/2507.20111v1
4. “ᚦᛖ ᚨᛚᛃᛊᛖᚾᛞᛚᛖᚲᚨᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ: ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᚨᛒᛒᚱᛖᚹᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖ ᛚᛁᛏᛖᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ” (ᚦᛟᛗᚨᛊ ᛒᛁᚱᚲᛖᛏᛏ, khm.uio.no) - ᚱᛖᛞᛞᛁᛏ, https://www.reddit.com/r/runes/comments/111uw16/the_alysendlecan_rune_runic_abbreviations_in/
5. ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ: ᚨ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛚᛟᚹ-ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖᛊ - ᛗᛞᛈᛁ, https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/5/145
6. ᛞᛁᚷᚷᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚢᚾᛞᛊ - ᛚᛁᛜᚢᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲ-ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛊ, https://journals.linguistik.de/zwjw/article/download/118/193/555
7. ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᚠᛚᚢᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English
8. ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ - ᛗᛞᛈᛁ, https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/5/3/137
9. ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes
10. ᚦᛖ ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚺᚱᛟᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ‘ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᚠᚱᛁᛊᛁᚨᚾ’ ᚨᛞᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ ᛒᛃ ᛞᚨᚹᛁᛞ ᛈᚨᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ - ᚾᛟᛏᛏᛁᛜᚺᚨᛗ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᛏ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛚᛟᛜ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᚱᛖᚲ - ᛒᚱᛁᛚᛚ, https://brill.com/previewpdf/journals/abag/45/1/article-p151.xml
11. ᚲᚨᛊᚲᛖᛏ | ᛒᚱᛁᛏᛁᛊᚺ ᛗᚢᛊᛖᚢᛗ, https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1867-0120-1
12. ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᚦᚹᛖᛚᛚ ᛗᛟᚾᚢᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᛈᛟᛖᛗ ᛁᚾ … - ᛟᚲᛊᚠᛟᚱᛞ ᚨᚲᚨᛞᛖᛗᛁᚲ, https://academic.oup.com/res/article-pdf/59/238/25/4438023/hgm124.pdf
13. 83) ᛈᚢᛏ ᛁᛏ, “ᚦᛖ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛊᚲᚱᛁᛒᚨᛚ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚨᛁᛞ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ ᚦᚨᚾ ᛚᛁᛜᚢᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᚹᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᛚᛁᚲᛖᛞ”, ᚨᚾᛞ - ᚷᛖᛟᚠᚠᚱᛖᛃ ᛊᚨᛗᛈᛊᛟᚾ, https://www.grsampson.net/AEng.html
14. ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ: ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛁᛖᛊ 5 (2014) - ᛞᛁᚹᚨ ᛈᛟᚱᛏᚨᛚ, https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:799757/FULLTEXT02.pdf
15. ᛚᛟᚷᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛁᚲ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛖᛗ - ᛟᚲᛊᚠᛟᚱᛞ ᚨᚲᚨᛞᛖᛗᛁᚲ, https://academic.oup.com/res/advance-article/doi/10.1093/res/hgaf095/8438572?searchresult=1
16. ᚦᛖ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛖᛗ: ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ 9781487592592 - DOKUMEN.PUB, https://dokumen.pub/the-old-english-rune-poem-a-critical-edition-9781487592592.html
17. ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ (ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᛒᛚᛟᚲᚲ) - ᚷᚱᛟᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://grokipedia.com/page/Runic_(Unicode_block)
18. ᛶ 16ᚠ1 ᛷ 16ᚠ2 ᛸ 16ᚠ3 ᛱ 16ᚠ4 ᛲ 16ᚠ5 ᛁ 16ᚲ1 ᛳ 16ᚠ6 ᛴ 16ᚠ7 ᛵ 16ᚠ8 - ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ, http://unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4013.pdf
19. ᚲᚺᚨᛈᛏᛖᚱ 8 – ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ 17.0.0, https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-8/
20. ᚺᛟᚹ ᛞᛟ ᛁ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ? - ᚲᚹᛟᚱᚨ, https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-write-in-modern-English-using-runes
21. ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚲᛟᚱᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛊᛟᚢᚾᛞᛊ : ᚱ/ᚨᛜᛚᛟᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ - ᚱᛖᛞᛞᛁᛏ, https://www.reddit.com/r/anglosaxon/comments/cgz0nk/runes_and_their_corresponding_sounds/
22. ᚹᛟᚱᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ - ᛗᚨᚱᛏᛁᚾ ᚹᛖᛁᛊᛊᛖᚱ, https://martinweisser.org/courses/lexicology/word_formation.html
23. ᚢᚾᚲᚾᛟᚹᚾ_ᚢᚱᛚ
24. ᛗᛟᚱᚠᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ - ᛈᛖᚾᚾ ᛚᛁᛜᚢᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᛊ, https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/ling0001/morphology.html
25. ᛊᚹᛖᛟᛏᛟᛚᚢᛜ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/29733
26. ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚲᛟᛈᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᛖᚦᛟᛞ ᛁᚾ: ᚠᛁᛚᛟᛊᛟᚠᛁᚨ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛚᚨᛏᚨ: ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᚠᛁᛚᛟᛊᛟᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚹᛟᚲᚨᛒᚢᛚᚨᚱᛃ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚷᚱᛖᛖᚲ - ᛒᚱᛁᛚᛚ, https://brill.com/display/book/9789004677968/BP000001.xml?language=en
27. ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/search?q=esne\&ᛈᚨᚷᛖ=84
28. ᚷᛖ-ᛗᛃᚾᛞ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/search?q=gemynd
29. ᛚᛁᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᛖᚾᛏᚱᛃ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/search?q=gewiss
30. ᚨᚾᛞ-ᚷᛁᛏ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/001701
31. ᚷᛖ-ᛗᚢᚾᚨᚾ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/48952
32. ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ/ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ, ᛈᚨᚷᛖ ᛞ0401 - ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᚲᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛟᛃᛖᚲᛏ, https://www.germanic-lexicon-project.org/html/oe_bosworthtoller/d0401.html
33. [ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛖᛊᛏ] [ᛚᛟᛏᚱ] ᚹᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛗᛖᛊ “ᛊᚨᚢᚱᛟᚾ” ᚨᚾᛞ “ᛊᚨᚱᚢᛗᚨᚾ” ᛊᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛊᛁᛗᛁᛚᚨᚱ. ᚨᛚᛊᛟ, ᚨᛞᛞᛁᛜ “ᛊᛗᚨᚢᚷ” ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛈᛁᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚹᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ “ᛊ”, “ᚨ”, ᚨᚾᛞ “ᚢ” ᚨᛈᛈᛖᚨᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚨᛚᛚ 3 ᚾᚨᛗᛖᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚨᛗᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ. : ᚱ/ᚠᚨᚾᚦᛖᛟᚱᛁᛖᛊ - ᚱᛖᛞᛞᛁᛏ, https://www.reddit.com/r/FanTheories/comments/1tfz5d/request_lotr_why_the_names_sauron_and_saruman/
34. ᛗᚱ ᛏᛟᚨᛞ’ᛊ ᛗᛟᛏᛟᚱᚲᚨᚱ - ᛊᚺᛖᛚᛁᛞᛟᚾ, https://www.shelidon.it/toads-car/
35. ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ/ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ, ᛈᚨᚷᛖ ᛒ0852 - ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᚲᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛟᛃᛖᚲᛏ, https://www.germanic-lexicon-project.org/html/oe_bosworthtoller/b0852.html
36. ᚷᛖ-ᛚíᚲᛖᛏᛏᚨᚾ - ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/48652
37. ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚷᚱᚨᛗᛗᚨᚱ ᚷᚢᛁᛞᛖ 2024-2025 | ᛈᛞᚠ | ᚷᚱᚨᛗᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚷᛖᚾᛞᛖᚱ | ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ, https://www.scribd.com/document/913575816/Old-English-Grammar-Book-Reddit
38. ᛒᛟᛊᚹᛟᚱᚦ-ᛏᛟᛚᛚᛖᚱ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚾᛚᛁᚾᛖ, https://bosworthtoller.com/search?q=%5B%20Best%20FC%20coins%20Site%3A%20Coinsnight.com%20%5D%5B%2030%25%20OFF%20code%3AFC2026%20%5D,fc%20coins%20olx,pc%20fc%2026%20coins,buy%20fc%2026%20coins,best%20EA%20Sports%20FC%20coin%20buying%20sites,xbox%20EA%20Sports%20FC%20coins,best%20coins%20EA%20Sports%20FC%2026,buy%2010k%20EAS%20FC%20coins,goldah%20fc,cheap%20fc%20coins,best%201m%20coin%20team%20EA%20Sports%20FC%2026,\&ᛈᚨᚷᛖ=343
39. ᛟᚢᛏᛈᛖᚱᚠᛟᚱᛗᛁᛜ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛚᛁᛜᚢᚨᛚ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ: ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚨᚲᛏᛖᚱ-ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗ ᚹᛟᚱᛞ ᛖᛗᛒᛖᛞᛞᛁᛜᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ | ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚱᛏᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛁᛜ - ᛖᛞᛁᚾᛒᚢᚱᚷᚺ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊ, https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/ijhac.2026.0362
40. ᛈᛖᚾᛏᚨᛞᛁᚲ ᚾᚢᛗᛖᚱᚨᛚᛊ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadic_numerals
41. ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛈᛟᛏᛖᚾᛏ - ᛊᛁᚷᚾᚹᚱᛁᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᛊᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ - ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛒᛃ ᚾᚢᛗᛒᛖᚱᛊ, https://www.signpainting.co.uk/lettering/numerals.htm
42. ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛊ ᚲᚨᛊᚲᛖᛏ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks_Casket
43. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛜᛚᛟ-ᛊᚨᚲᛊᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᛟᚱᛊᛖ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛖᛗᛊ: ᚨ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛃ - ᚲᚨᛗᛒᚱᛁᛞᚷᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊ & ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛗᛖᚾᛏ, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/anglosaxon-and-norse-rune-poems-a-comparative-study/31D53264BA9C49BAD55199A0B68BAA76
44. [ᛈᛞᚠ] ᚦᛖ ᚨᛚᛃᛊᛖᚾᛞᛚᛖᚲᚨᚾ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ: ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ ᚨᛒᛒᚱᛖᚹᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-alysendlecan-rune%3A-Runic-abbreviations-in-their-Birkett/2cba1b771e46f1324452429fc13de9d48d8a0595
45. ᛱ 16ᚠ1 ᛲ 16ᚠ2 ᛳ 16ᚠ3 ᛴ 16ᚠ4 ᛵ 16ᚠ5 ᛶ 16ᚠ6 ᛷ 16ᚠ7 ᛸ 16ᚠ8 - ᚢᚾᛁᚲᛟᛞᛖ, http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11096-n4013-runic-additions.pdf
46. ᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛖᛊᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚹᛟᚱᛞ ᛊᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛜᛚᛁᛊᚺ - ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚾᛊ, https://konvens.org/proceedings/2015/GSCL-201507.pdf
47. ᛁᛞᛖᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛁᚲ ᚱᚢᚾᛖ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideographic_rune
48. ᚨᛚᚠᚨᛒᛖᛏᛁ ᚱᚢᚾᛁᚲ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_runik
49. ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚷᛚᛟᛊᛊᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ - ᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛒᚱᛁᛏᛁᛊᚺ ᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ, https://www.dmlbs.ox.ac.uk/web/translations-and-glossaries.html