ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚱᚨ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ

ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᚦᛖ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚠᛟᚱᚷᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᚢᚲᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛖᛊᛏᚠᚨᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ, ᛁᛊ ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚨᛒᛊᛟᛚᚢᛏᛖ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ. ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚢᚱᛁᛖᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛒᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛗᚨᚱᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚷᛖᛟᚷᚱᚨᚠᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ ᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᛏᚨᛁᛚᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛁᚾᛖᛏᛁᚲ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᚱᚨᛈᛁᛞ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛚᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ (ᚨᛁ) ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛈᚱᛖᚲᛖᛞᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᛚᛖᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ, ᚺᚨᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖᛞ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛁᚷᛗ. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛊ, ᛞᛖᛚᛁᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᚾᛟᚾᛃᛗᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛁᛗᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ, ᛈᛟᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ-ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛖᚱᛖ ᛗᛁᛚᛚᛁᛊᛖᚲᛟᚾᛞᛊ. ᚨᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ (ᚨᚲᚲ) ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᚢᛊᛖᛊ, ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛃ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᚨᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ “ᚺᚨᚲᚲ-ᛒᚨᚲᚲ” ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᛏᛖᚾᛖᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ (ᚢᚾ) ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ (ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ (ᛁᚺᛚ) ᚨᚱᛖ ᛒᛖᛁᛜ ᛏᛖᛊᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛖᛚᛚ ᛒᛖᛃᛟᚾᛞ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛗᛖᛏᛖᚱᛊ.
ᚦᛖ ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᚹᛁᚱᛟᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᛁᛏᛃ. ᚨ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛁᚲ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᛁᛊ ᛟᚲᚲᚢᚱᚱᛁᛜ, ᛗᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚨᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨ ᚱᛁᚷᛁᛞ, ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᚨ “ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚ” ᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊᚲᚨᛈᛖ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚨᚲᛏᛖᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛚᚨᛈᛈᛁᛜ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᛚᛟᛃᚨᛚᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᚱᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᚺᚨᚢᛊᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛊᛁᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ. ᛁᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛜᛟᛁᛜ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚱᚨ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ ᛚᛖᚨᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᚨᛚᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛁᛖᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛈᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᛁ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᚨᛁᛗ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛚᚨᚾᛞᛗᚨᚱᚲ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 2026 ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ (ᚾᛊᛈᛗ) ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ.

ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᚢᚾᛞᚱᚢᛗ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ

ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᛟᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᚠᛁᛖᚱᚲᛖᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛊᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚱᛖᚨᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛗᛈᛟᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ. ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.0 ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛞᚱᚨᚠᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚱᛏᛊ (ᛁᚷᛖ) ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚾᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛚᛚᛖᚾᚲᛖ (ᚲᚲᛞᚲᛟᛖ), ᚨᚠᚠᛁᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᛖᚾᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛒᛟᚦ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚦᛁᚾ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ1. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚨ ᛞᛖᛖᛈ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚲᚺᛁᛊᛗ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛁᛊᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚾᚨᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ. ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᛞᛁᚹᛁᛞᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ—ᚦᛖ ᛒᚱᛖᚨᚲᚺ ᛟᚠ ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏ—ᛟᚱ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ, ᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛖᚱᛁᚹᛖᛞ3.
ᚨ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛁᛜᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛁᚾᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛚᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛁᛜᛞᛟᛗ, ᚺᚨᛊ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚷᚢᛁᛞᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᛚᛟᚾᛖ, ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ3. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛟᚾᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛞᛟ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚢᚾᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᚦᛖᛃ ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᚨ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚱᛁᛊᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛖᚱᚲᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ (ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚠᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾᛖ ᚱéᛊᛖᚱᚹé) ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ “ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ” ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 2(4) ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ3. ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲ’ᛊ ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚢᚷᚷᛖᛊᛏᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛗᚨᚾᛃ ᛚᛟᚹ-ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛗᛁᚾᛟᚱ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛗᚨᛃ ᛒᛖ ᚢᚾᚠᚱᛁᛖᚾᛞᛚᛃ ᛟᚱ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᚨᚲᚲᛖᛈᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ, ᛒᚢᛏ ᚦᛖᛃ ᛞᛟ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᚨ ᛒᚱᛖᚨᚲᚺ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚷᛁᚹᛁᛜ ᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ6. ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛁᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛞᛖᚷᚱᛖᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚢᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏ, ᚱᛖᚠᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊᛁᛜ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᛚᛟᚾᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛟᚹᚾ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚠᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚷᚨᚦᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ5.
ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛚᛃ, ᚨ ᚱᛟᛒᚢᛊᛏ ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚦᛖᚱᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊ, ᚨᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᚢᛗᛖᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᚦᛖᚱᛊ, ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ “ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ” ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺ3. ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛈᛚᛖ, ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᛖᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚱᚲᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚢᚾᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᚨ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᛒᚱᛖᚨᚲᚺ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ3. ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛃ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.0 ᚹᛁᛖᚹ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛚᛖᚨᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᚨ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ9.
ᚠᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛊ ᚺᛖᚨᚹᛁᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚨ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖᛊ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛃᚢᚱᛃ—ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚢᚲᛊᚾᛖᛏ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚱᚨᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᚾᚢᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᛁᚠᚢᚷᛖᛊ ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᛟᚾ ᚨ ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾ ᛊᛏᛖᛖᛚ ᛗᛁᛚᛚ—ᛁᛊ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᚲᛟᚷᚾᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ3. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚠᛁᛖᚱᚲᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚨ “ᛚᛟᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ” ᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚠᛖᚱᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ4. ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚠᛖᚱᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊᛈᚱᛖᚨᛞ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᚺᛖᚨᛚᚦ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛞᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛈᚨᚾᛞᛖᛗᛁᚲ, ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ9.
ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᛖᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 3.0 ᛁᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚷᚱᚨᛈᛈᛚᛖ ᚺᛖᚨᚹᛁᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᚢᛚᚨᚱᛚᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚱᛖᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛖ ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ-ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚷᚾᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛚᚨᚱᚷᛖ-ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ ᚺᛃᛒᚱᛁᛞ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛗᛈᚨᛁᚷᚾᛊ5.

ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛃ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚷᚨᛈ

ᚹᛖᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛁᛖᛊ, ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ, ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛊᛏᛊ, ᛟᚱ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ, ᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚠᛃᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚾᚨᚹᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᛜᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚠᛏᛖᚾ ᚨᚾᛏᛁᚲᚹᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ. ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛊᛏᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛁᛊ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚾᛚᛃ ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛁᛊ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ “ᛁᚾᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ, ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛟᚠ, ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ”8.

ᚦᛖ ᛒᚢᚱᛞᛖᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ

ᛞᛖᚱᛁᚹᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚢᚱᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚲᛖ (ᛁᚲᛃ) ᚱᚢᛚᛁᛜᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛁᚲᚨᚱᚨᚷᚢᚨ (1986) ᚨᚾᛞ ᛒᛟᛊᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᚷᛖᚾᛟᚲᛁᛞᛖ (2007) ᚲᚨᛊᛖᛊ, ᚦᛁᛊ “ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ” ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ ᛊᛖᛏᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚺᛁᚷᚺ ᛖᚹᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᚱᛃ ᛒᚨᚱ14. ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛁᚾᚢᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛈᛚᚨᚾᚾᛁᛜ, ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᛊᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖ ᚠᚨᚲᛏᚢᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛊᚢᛒᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᚲᛏ ᛏᛁᛗᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᛞᛟᛁᛜ12. ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛁᚾᛖᛏᛁᚲ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚷᚷᛚᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᚾᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᛒᛊᚲᚢᚱᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚹᛁᚨ ᛖᚾᚲᚱᛃᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚾᚾᛖᛚᛊ, ᛞᚨᚱᚲ ᚹᛖᛒ ᚠᛟᚱᚢᛗᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛃ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ, ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚹᚨᛊᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᛁᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ “ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚷᚨᛈ”12.
ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᚲᚨᚾ ᛖᚾᚲᛟᚢᚱᚨᚷᛖ, ᛏᚱᚨᛁᚾ, ᚠᚢᚾᛞ, ᛟᚱ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚲᛁᛏᛖ ᛈᚨᛏᚱᛁᛟᛏᛁᚲ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈᛊ ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᛈᛚᚨᚢᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛞᛖᚾᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛈᛁᛜ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞᛊ ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛃ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᛏᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛃ14. ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚷᚨᛈ ᛁᛊ ᚷᛚᚨᚱᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᛖᚹᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᚾᛟᛗᛖᚾᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᚨᚠᛖ ᚺᚨᚹᛖᚾᛊ. ᛞᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚨᚱᚲᛊᛁᛞᛖ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᚲᛟᛚᛟᚾᛁᚨᛚ ᛈᛁᛈᛖᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾ 2021, ᚦᛖ ᛈᛖᚱᛈᛖᛏᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚾᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ-ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᚢᛗᛊ, ᛃᛖᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛁᛊᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞᛊ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ, ᛞᛖᛊᛈᛁᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ ᛏᛟᛚᛖᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᚹᛁᚦᛁᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛊ14.

ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ: ᚦᛖ ᛁ-ᛊᛟᛟᚾ ᛚᛖᚨᚲᛊ

ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᚲᛖᚱᛒᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛁᛜ ᚨᛊ ᛞᛖ ᚠᚨᚲᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛊ. ᚦᛖ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛚᛖᚨᚲ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖᛊᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛁᚱᛗ ᛁ-ᛊᛟᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᚹᛁᛞᛚᛃ ᛁᛚᛚᚢᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ “ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ”11. ᛁ-ᛊᛟᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᚠᚠᛁᛚᛁᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ, ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛁᛜ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᛞᛖᛗᛟᚲᚱᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚷᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛁᚷᚺᛒᛟᚱᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᛚᚠ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖᛊᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛁᛖᛊ, ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ11.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᚺᛃᛒᚱᛁᛞ ᛖᚲᛟᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛒᛚᚢᚱᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛁᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏ ᚨ ᛞᛖᚷᚱᛖᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛃ, ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛖᛖᛈᛚᛃ ᛖᚾᛗᛖᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ11. ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚠᛁᚱᛗᛊ ᛗᛖᛖᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ “ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ” ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᛟᚾ ᚨ ᛈᛖᚱ-ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᚨᛊᛁᛊ ᛁᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛖᛞᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᛞᛁᚠᚠᛁᚲᚢᛚᛏ, ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ “ᚷᚱᚨᛃ ᛉᛟᚾᛖ” ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᚾᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᚲᚱᚨᚠᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚾ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᚺᛁᛖᛚᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖᛗᛊᛖᛚᚹᛖᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ11.

ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ

ᛏᛟ ᛒᚱᛁᛞᚷᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚷᚨᛈ, ᚨ ᚷᚱᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛊᚢᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᛖᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᚨᚾ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚾᛟᚱᛗ ᚱᛟᛟᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚲᛃ’ᛊ ᚲᛟᚱᚠᚢ ᚲᚺᚨᚾᚾᛖᛚ ᚲᚨᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᛞᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ 6 ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.014. ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ—ᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ—ᛁᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᚾᛟᚹᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ “ᛊᛖᚱᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᚲᛖᛊ” ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ14.
ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᛖᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ, ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛒᛖ ᚺᛖᛚᛞ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛁᚠ ᛁᛏ ᛈᛟᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᚾᛟᚹᛚᛖᛞᚷᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᛖᛗᚨᚾᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛃᚢᚱᛁᛊᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛈᛟᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛖ, ᛃᛖᛏ ᛞᛖᛚᛁᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛏᚨᚲᛖ ᚱᛖᚨᛊᛟᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ, ᚠᛖᚨᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ14. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᚷᚱᚨᛃ ᚨᚱᛖᚨ; ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚦᛖᚱᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᛟᚠᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊᛖᛞ ᛁᛏ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ, ᛟᚦᛖᚱᛊ ᚠᛖᚨᚱ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᚨᛞᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚲᚱᛖᚨᛊᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ9.

ᚦᛖ “ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ” ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛖᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ

ᚹᛖᚾ ᚨ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ—ᛖᛁᚦᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᛟᛈ ᛗᚨᛚᛁᚲᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚹᛁᚦᛁᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛞᛖᛚᛁᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᚢᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛒᛚᛁᚾᛞ ᛖᛃᛖ—ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᚲᚱᛖᚨᛊᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ “ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ” ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛃ ᚢᚾᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ, ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ-ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ19.
ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚹᛟᛚᚹᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ 19ᚦ-ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚢᚱᛃ ᚲᚨᚱᛟᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾᚲᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ, ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᚱᚾᛖᛞ ᚨᚾᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛊᚢᚱᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛁᛊᛏᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚨ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏᛖᚾᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᚨᛃ ᚢᛊᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ’ᛊ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚢᚾ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᚲᛁᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛏ, ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛊ ᛖᛁᚦᛖᚱ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᛊᚢᛈᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛁᛗᛗᛁᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ19. ᚠᛟᛚᛚᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᛈᛏᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ 11 ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᛚᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᚺᛖᚨᚹᛁᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᛁᛉᛖ ᚲᛁᚾᛖᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱ-ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛟᚱᛁᛊᛗ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛁᛊᛁᛚ ᛁᚾ ᛊᛃᚱᛁᚨ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛚ-ᚲᚨᛖᛞᚨ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚠᚷᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛏᚨᚾ21. ᛗᛟᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛖᛞ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 51 ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛃ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚹᛖᛊᛊᛖᛚᛊ ᛈᚢᚱᛈᛟᚱᛏᛖᛞᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᛞᚱᚢᚷ ᛏᚱᚨᚠᚠᛁᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚨᚱᛁᛒᛒᛖᚨᚾ ᛊᛖᚨ23.
ᚦᛖ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ “ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ” ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚲᛁᚾᛖᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱ-ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛟᚱᛁᛊᛗ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᚷᚺᛏ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᛖᚱᛁᛚ. ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚨ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᚨᚱᛃ ᛖᚹᛟᛚᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚨᚷᛖ, ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚹᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ—ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛁᛊᛗᚨᚾᛏᛚᛖ ᛒᛟᛏᚾᛖᛏᛊ, ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛖᚱᚨᛊᛖ ᛊᛏᛟᛚᛖᚾ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ19. ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛖᛞ, ᛖᚨᚱᛚᛃ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᛊᚢᚷᚷᛖᛊᛏᛊ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲ; ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛈᛚᛖ, ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛖᛞ “ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚹᛟᚱᛗ” ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚺᚢᚾᛞᚱᛖᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛟᚢᛊᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᚨᛗᛖᚱᛁᚲᚨ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛁᛊᛚᛟᛞᚷᛖ ᚨ ᛈᚨᚱᛁᛊ-ᛒᚨᛊᛖᛞ ᛒᛟᛏᚾᛖᛏ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖ19.
ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛚᛃ, ᛟᛈᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚾᛟ ᛒᚨᛊᛁᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᛁᛊᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚢᚾᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᛁᛜᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ’ᛊ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ20. ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᛊ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛒᛚᚢᚱᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚾᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᛚᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛖᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ19. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚨᛜᛖᚱ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ “ᛁᚾᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ” ᚨᚾᛞ “ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜᚾᛖᛊᛊ” ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚲᚺᚨᛜᛖᚨᛒᛚᛃ; ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛊ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᛟᛈ ᚨ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛚᚨᚲᚲ ᛟᚠ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ, ᚨ ᚢᚾᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᚺᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᚨᛒᛚᛃ ᛏᚱᛁᚷᚷᛖᚱ ᚨᚾ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᚾᛊᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚱᛟᛟᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ20.

ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚺᛚ

ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ ᛚᛖᚨᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛖᛊ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᚲᚺᚨᛚᛚᛖᛜᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛒᛟᚦ ᛃᚢᛊ ᚨᛞ ᛒᛖᛚᛚᚢᛗ (ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚹᚨᚷᛖ ᚹᚨᚱ) ᚨᚾᛞ ᛃᚢᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛒᛖᛚᛚᛟ (ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ). ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ (ᚨᚲᚲ) ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏ ᚨ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛁᚷᛗ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ: ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛁᚲ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛊᚲᚨᚾ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ, ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚲᛏ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᛊᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛈᚨᛃᛚᛟᚨᛞᛊ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ25.

ᚦᛖ “ᛒᛚᚨᚲᚲ ᛒᛟᚲᛊ” ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛟᛒᛚᛖᛗ

ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚦᛟᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᛊ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖᛊ. ᚺᛟᛚᛞᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱ ᚾᛖᚲᛊᚢᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛏ, ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛁᛜ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ12. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ ᛚᛖᚨᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚨᛞᚨᛈᛏ ᛞᛃᚾᚨᛗᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᚹᛁᚱᛟᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ. ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᛗᚨᛚᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏ ᛗᚢᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚹᚨᛞᛖ ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛏᚨᚾᛖᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚢᛏᛊᛁᛞᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗᛗᛁᛜ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛗᛖᛏᛖᚱᛊ, ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛒᛖᚲᛟᛗᛖᛊ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾ12.
ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚢᚱᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ—ᚠᚱᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᚠᛖᚱᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ “ᛒᛚᚨᚲᚲ ᛒᛟᚲᛊ” ᛈᚱᛟᛒᛚᛖᛗ—ᛗᚨᚲᛖᛊ ᛁᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛖᛞᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᛞᛁᚠᚠᛁᚲᚢᛚᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛊᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛁᛜ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ ᚹᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛞᛖᛚᛁᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚲᚺᛟᛁᚲᛖ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱ, ᚨ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛊᛖᛖᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ, ᛟᚱ ᚨ ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛏᚨᚾᛖᛟᚢᛊ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛁᚲ ᚺᚨᛚᛚᚢᚲᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ29. ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᛖᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 3.0 ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊᚺᛁᛈ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᚷᚱᚨᛈᛈᛚᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚹᛁᚦ ᛚᛖᚨᛞᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᚨᛚᛊ ᚨᛞᚹᛟᚲᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ “ᚱᛖᛒᚢᛏᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᚢᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ” ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᚾᛃ ᚨᛁ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᚨ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ12.

ᛁᚺᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛁᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ

ᚹᛖᚾ ᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛖᛞ ᛞᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ, ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ (ᛁᚺᛚ), ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᛊᛖᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ, ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛞᛖᚱᛟᚷᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ25. ᚨᛁ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚨᛞᚺᛖᚱᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᛁᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ (ᛞᛁᚠᚠᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ), ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ (ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ ᛁᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚱᛖᛚᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚾᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᛏᚨᚷᛖ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᚨᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ15.
ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᛁᚺᛚ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖ ᛖᚹᚨᛚᚢᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᚹᚨᛚᚢᛖ ᛃᚢᛞᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛒᚨᛊᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ “ᚱᛖᚨᛊᛟᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ,” ᛞᛖᛚᛖᚷᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛚᛖᚦᚨᛚ ᛟᚱ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗ ᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᛖᛈᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛊᛏᛖᛞ25. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ “ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛁᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ” ᛞᛁᚲᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛊ, ᚾᛟᛏ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛊ, ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾ ᛗᛟᚱᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ29. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚨ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᚦᛖ “ᚺᛟᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚹᛃ” ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛁ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ’ᛊ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᛊᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ29.
ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛁᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚲᚲᛊ, ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᚨᛞᚹᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ “ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛒᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾ” (ᚱᛒᛞ) ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛁᚷᛗ29. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚱᛒᛞ, ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᚱᚨᛁᚾᛏᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚺᚨᚱᛞ-ᚲᛟᛞᛖᛞ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛚᛁᚠᛖ ᚲᛃᚲᛚᛖ (ᛊᛞᛚᚲ)29. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛁᚾᚢᛟᚢᛊ, ᛁᛏᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 36 ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚨᛁ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ, ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚠᛟᚱᛗᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚲᚺᛖᚲᚲᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛞᛁᛊᚲᛁᛈᛚᛁᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᚢᛞᛁᛏᛊ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛁᛜ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛊᚲᛁᛖᚾᛏᛁᛊᛏᛊ, ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᛞᚹᛁᛊᛟᚱᛊ15.

ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᚨᛁᛗ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ

ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚨ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᛁ ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛁᛚᛃ ᛗᚨᛏᛖᚱᛁᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ (ᚱᛖᚨᛁᛗ). ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚹᛟᛚᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏᛊ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚨ ᚹᛁᛞᛖᚾᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᚨᛜᛖᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᚷᚨᛈ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᛊᛈᛁᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ.

1. ᚦᛖ ᚺᚨᚷᚢᛖ (ᚠᛖᛒᚱᚢᚨᚱᛃ 2023): ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚨᚢᚷᚢᚱᚨᛚ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ, ᚲᛟ-ᚺᛟᛊᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚦᛖᚱᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛟᚢᚦ ᚲᛟᚱᛖᚨ, ᛈᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛒᚱᛟᚨᛞ “ᚲᚨᛚᛚ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ.” ᛁᛏ ᛊᚢᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚨᛚᛟᚷᚢᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛁ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚠᚠᛁᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ—ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚺᛚ—ᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛁ ᛁᚾ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᛊ33.
2. ᛊᛖᛟᚢᛚ (ᛊᛖᛈᛏᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ 2024): ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛟᚾᛞ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ ᛃᛁᛖᛚᛞᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ “ᛒᛚᚢᛖᛈᚱᛁᚾᛏ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ,” ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᚹᚨᛊ ᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ 60 ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ34. ᚦᛖ ᛒᛚᚢᛖᛈᚱᛁᚾᛏ ᛖᛗᚠᚨᛊᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᚨᛁ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ, ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱ ᚲᚺᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚨᚾᛞ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚨᛚᛚᛖᛞ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚱᛟᛒᚢᛊᛏ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᛊᛊ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ35. ᚾᛟᛏᚨᛒᛚᛃ, ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ ᚨᛒᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛒᛚᚢᛖᛈᚱᛁᚾᛏ, ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛁᛚᛃ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᚾᚢᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ ᛖᛗᛈᛚᛟᛃᛗᛖᚾᛏ36.
3. ᚨ ᚲᛟᚱᚢñᚨ, ᛊᛈᚨᛁᚾ (ᚠᛖᛒᚱᚢᚨᚱᛃ 2026): ᚦᛖ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛗᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᛈᛚᛟᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚺᛁᚷᚺ-ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᚱᛖᛏᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ “ᛈᚨᚦᚹᚨᛃᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ” ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ29. ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚱᛟᛒᚢᛊᛏ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 36 ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᛚᛚ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚨᛁ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ “ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛒᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾ” ᚠᛁᛚᛟᛊᛟᚠᛃ29. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛊᚢᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖᛞ ᛞᚱᚨᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ. ᛟᚾᛚᛃ 35 ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ 85 ᚨᛏᛏᛖᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ29. ᚲᚱᚢᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᛒᛟᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ ᚱᛖᚠᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛁᚷᚾ36. ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᛞᛖᛚᛖᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᚱᚾᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ, ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛊᛏᛁᚠᛚᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚹᛖᚨᚲᛖᚾ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚨᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚱᚨᛈᛁᛞ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛊ ᛒᛃ ᛈᛖᛖᚱ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ36. ᛁᚾᛞᛁᚨ ᚨᛚᛊᛟ ᚨᛒᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ, ᛒᚨᛚᚨᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚱᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᛁ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚠᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ29.

ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᚦᛞᚱᚨᚹᚨᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛟᚱᛚᛞ’ᛊ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛊᚢᛈᛖᚱᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ 2026 ᛈᚨᚦᚹᚨᛃᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛚᛊ ᚨ ᛞᚨᛜᛖᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᚾᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚨᚲᚢᚢᛗ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ. ᛒᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚨᛁ ᛞᛟᛗᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚱᛖᚲᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚱᚨᛈᛁᛞ, ᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛗᛊ ᚱᚨᚲᛖ ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᛒᛃ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᛏ ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ ᛊᛈᛖᛖᛞ, ᛞᚱᚨᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛚᛟᚹᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛁᚲ ᛗᛁᛊᚲᚨᛚᚲᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ36.

ᚦᛖ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ: ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛁᛖᛊ

ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᛈᛟᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚱᛟᛞᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚺᛚ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛁᚷᛗᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛖᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏᚨᚾᛏᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏᚨᚾᛏᛊ. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛗᛟᚢᚾᛏ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ, ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚠᛖᛒᚱᚢᚨᚱᛃ 2022 ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᛚᛚᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᚹᚨᛊᛁᛟᚾ39.
ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛁᛊᛁᛜ ᚺᚢᚾᛞᚱᛖᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛟᚢᛊᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᛖᛖᚱᛊ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛁᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᚨ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᛚᛖᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛗᛖᛊᛊᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᛈᛚᚨᛏᚠᛟᚱᛗ, ᚦᛖ ᛁᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚲᚱᛟᚹᛞᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛞ, ᚨᚢᚲᛊᛁᛚᛁᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ39. ᚦᛖ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᚾᛁᚨᛚ-ᛟᚠ-ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛁᚲᛖ (ᛞᛞᛟᛊ) ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ, ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛖᚲᛊᚠᛁᛚᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚᛚᛖᛞ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ15.

ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛒᛚᚢᚱᚱᛁᛜ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏᚨᚾᛏ ᛚᛁᚾᛖᛊ

ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ, ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᚹᚨᛊ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛊᚢᛒᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᛃ, ᛁᛏ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᚨᛒᛚᛃ ᚲᚹᚨᛚᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾ39. ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ39. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᚹᚨᛊᛏ ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛗᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾᛊ, ᛗᚨᚾᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚹᛟᛗ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚᛚᛃ30.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᛚᛖᛗᛗᚨᛊ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚺᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᛁᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᛒᛃ ᛏᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᛈᚨᚱᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚺᛟᛊᛏᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ (ᛞᚠ), ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᚠᛟᚱᚠᛖᛁᛏ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ15. ᚦᛖᛃ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛟᛊᛖ ᚦᛖᛗᛊᛖᛚᚹᛖᛊ—ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᛟᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛃ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᛖᛏ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛁᚲᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᚱᛊ ᚦᛖᛃ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ—ᛏᛟ ᚲᛁᚾᛖᛏᛁᚲ ᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛚᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛈᛈᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᛒᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏ41. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᛖᛖᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᛗᚨᛃ ᚱᚢᚾ ᚨᚠᛟᚢᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛒᛖᛁᛜ ᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛒᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ42.

ᚦᛖ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚹᚨ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ

ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᛞᛖᛊᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛗᛈᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᛁᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚺᚨᛟᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ (ᛁᚲᚱᚲ) ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛊᛖᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛖᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ—ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᚢᛒᛒᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ “ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚹᚨ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ”—ᛁᚾ ᛚᚨᛏᛖ 202341. ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᚢᚱᚷᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᚨᚹᛟᛁᛞ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛗᛖᛞᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᚠᚨᚲᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᚠᚱᚨᛁᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛁᚾᛞᛁᛊᛈᛖᚾᛊᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᛊᚢᚱᚹᛁᚹᚨᛚ (ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚹᚨᛏᛖᚱ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᛚᚨᚾᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᚷᚱᛁᛞᛊ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᚾᛁᛗᛁᛉᛖ ᛁᚾᚲᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚺᚨᚱᛗ41.
ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟ-ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛁᛚᛚᚾᛖᛏ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛞᚺᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ, ᚾᚢᛗᛖᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛊᛏ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚢᛏᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚱᛖᛃᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖᛗ41. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚢᚾᛖᚹᛖᚾ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᛊᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᛁᚺᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚢᛈᛟᚾ ᛞᛖᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ, ᛁᛞᛖᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏᚨᚾᛏᛊ ᚹᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚢᛏᛊᛁᛞᛖ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᚺᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚨᚾᛞ41.

ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᚱᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ 2026 ᚾᛊᛈᛗ

ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᚱᚨᛞᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛗᛈᛟᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᛚᛖᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ, ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ. ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᚨᚹᛊ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ’ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛒᚢᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚲᚠᚨᚨ) ᛟᚠ 1986 ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚢᚾᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ, ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛚᛁᛗᛁᛏᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ (e.g., ᚠᛁᚱᛖᚹᚨᛚᛚᛊ, ᛈᚨᛏᚲᚺᛁᛜ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚾᛏᛁᚹᛁᚱᚢᛊ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ)44.
ᚦᛖ ᛈᚢᛊᚺ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᚷᚨᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚱᛖᛈᛖᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚨᚲᛞᚲ) ᛊᛏᚨᚱᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ 201744. ᚨᚲᛞᚲ ᚨᛁᛗᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛗᛖᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚠᚨᚨ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛚᛖᚨᚹᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛟᚾᛁᛏᛟᚱ, ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ, ᛟᚱ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛒᛖᚨᚲᛟᚾᛁᛜ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᛏᚱᛁᛖᚹᛖ ᛊᛏᛟᛚᛖᚾ ᚠᛁᛚᛖᛊ45. ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛁᛊᛏᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚹᚨᚱᚾᛖᛞ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ “ᚺᚨᚲᚲ-ᛒᚨᚲᚲ” ᚹᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛚᛖᚨᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᛊᛏᚨᚲᛖᚾ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᚱᛃ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᛒᛖᛚᛟᛜᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚲᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᚨᛜᛖᚱᛟᚢᛊ, ᚢᚾᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚᛚᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ44. ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚨᚲᛞᚲ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛟᛜᚱᛖᛊᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛚᛃᛁᛜ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ—ᚢᚾᛚᛖᚨᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ, ᛊᛈᛖᛖᛞ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛊᚺᚨᛈᛖ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᚱᛃ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᚹᛁᛟᚱ—ᚷᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᚦᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ38.

ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 2026 ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ

ᚦᛖ ᚦᛖᛟᚱᛖᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᛒᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᛖᛞ “ᚺᚨᚲᚲ-ᛒᚨᚲᚲ” ᚲᚱᛃᛊᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 12, 2026, ᚹᛖᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛊᚹᛖᛖᛈᛁᛜ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ (ᚾᛊᛈᛗ) ᛏᛁᛏᛚᛖᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ49. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚢᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ “ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛊᚢᚱᚹᛖᛁᛚᛚᚨᚾᚲᛖ” ᚨᚾᛞ “ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ”—ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛞᛖᚾᛁᚨᛚ, ᛞᛖᚷᚱᚨᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ—ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ (ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ)49.
ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᛊᛈᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ (ᚾᚲᚲ), ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛖᚾ ᛃᛟᛁᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛒᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚲᛖ (ᛞᛟᛃ) ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚺᛟᛗᛖᛚᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ (ᛞᚺᛊ)51. ᛏᛟ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛖ, ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛁᚱᛗᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛈᚨᛊᛊ ᚱᛁᚷᛟᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛁᛜ, ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᛊᚢᛒᛊᛏᚨᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛒᛟᚾᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛏ ᛚᛖᚨᛊᛏ $1 ᛗᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚲᛖᛁᚹᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛏᛖᚾ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚹᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚲᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚹᛖᚱᛃ ᛊᛁᛜᛚᛖ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᚲᚲᚨᚷᛖ49.

ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ, ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ

ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛊ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᛟᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛚᛁᚠᛖ, ᛊᛖᚱᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᛁᚾᛃᚢᚱᛃ, ᛟᚱ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ (ᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᛞ “ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛟᚢᛏᚲᛟᛗᛖᛊ”), ᚦᛖ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛗᛟᚾᚢᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ49.

1. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᚹᚨᛚ ᛟᚠ ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛁᛊᚨᛚ: ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᚾᛊ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᚱᛖᚹ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛚᛚᛖᛚᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚦᛖ 2026 ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ “ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛁᛊᚨᛚ”55. ᚱᛟᛟᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ ᛁ, ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ 8, ᚲᛚᚨᚢᛊᛖ 11 ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᚱᚢᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚹᚾᛖᛞ ᚹᛖᛊᛊᛖᛚᛊ (ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛊ) ᛏᛟ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᛁᛉᛖ ᛖᚾᛖᛗᛃ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛁᛏ56. ᚨᛚᚦᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ 1856 ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚨᚱᛁᛊ ᛚᚨᚱᚷᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᛒᛟᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᚹᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛟᛚᛁᛞᛁᚠᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᚱᚱᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚲᚹᚨᛊᛁ-ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚ56. ᛒᛃ ᛟᚠᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛈᚢᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛁᚱᛗᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚱᚨᛁᛞ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᚨᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᛁᛊ ᛖᛜᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᚨᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ, ᛞᛖᛖᛈᛚᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᛖᚾᚲᛖ56.
2. ᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛊ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ—ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚷᚨᛜᛊ, ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛟᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚱᛁᛜᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ—ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛚᚢᛞᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ49. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᛁᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᛟᚢᛊ12. ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛁᛊᛏᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏᛊ (ᚨᛈᛏᛊ) ᚠᚱᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᛁᚨ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ, ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛗᛟᛟᚾᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚨᛊ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᚢᛖ. ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᚢᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛊ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᚱᛖᛏᛚᛃ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛁᚲᛖ, ᛁᛏ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛏᚱᛁᚷᚷᛖᚱ ᚢᚾᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚲᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ, ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛚᛁᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚢᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ38.
3. ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛁᚲᛊ/ᛟᛏ ᛖᚾᚹᛁᚱᛟᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ: ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛖ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ (ᛁᚲᛊ) ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ (ᛟᛏ)53. ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈᛊ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᚾᛖᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛟᛗᛁᛊᛖ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛃ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᛗᛒᛖᛞᛞᛖᛞ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚢᛊᛖ ᚨᛊ ᚺᛟᛈ-ᛈᛟᛁᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛒᛟᛏᚾᛖᛏᛊ. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ, ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛟᛊᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᚹᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᚲᚱᛁᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛒᛖᚲᛟᛗᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛃ ᚢᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ53. ᚲᚱᚢᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᚨᚠᛖᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛖᚾᛞ ᛟᚾᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚢᛊ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᛊ-ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ53. ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱ ᛁᚾ ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖ, ᚨᛊᛁᚨ, ᛟᚱ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᚨᛗᛖᚱᛁᚲᚨ ᚹᛟᛊᛖ ᛖᚲᚹᛁᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚺᛁᛃᚨᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛞᛁᛊᛗᚨᚾᛏᛚᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚢᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛁᚱᛗ, ᚹᛁᚦ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ 5(ᚲ) ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᛗᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛁᛜ ᚾᛟ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚲᛟᚢᚱᛊᛖ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ53.
4. ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ: ᚨᛊ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛉᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ, ᛟᚢᛏᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛖᛊ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ37. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᚲᛖᚾᛏᛁᚹᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᛟᚠ ᛉᛖᚱᛟ-ᛞᚨᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᛁᛏᛊ, ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗᛊ ᛒᛃ ᛈᛚᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖᛗ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚲᛚᚨᛊᛊᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚲᚺᚨᚾᚾᛖᛚᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚢᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏᚹᛟᚱᚦᛃ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᛊᛖᚾᛊᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᛈᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᚢᛊᛖᛊ, ᛈᛟᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚠᚢᛖᛚᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᚢᚾᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚᛚᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛗᛊ ᚱᚨᚲᛖ38.

ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ (ᚲᚲᛁᚲᛊ)

ᚱᚢᚾᚾᛁᛜ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛚᛚᛖᛚ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚢᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛞᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ (ᚲᚲᛁᚲᛊ), ᛖᚾᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ, ᛉᛖᚱᛟ-ᚲᛚᛁᚲᚲ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᛁᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ63. ᚦᛖ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᛖᛏ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᚲᛁᚲᛊ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᚹᚨᛊᛏᛚᛃ, ᚹᛁᚦ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ 100 ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᚹ ᛈᛟᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛖᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛏᛟᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚹᛁᚲᛖᛊ, ᛖᚲᛊᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛖᚾᚲᚱᛃᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚷᛖᛟᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ66.
ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛖᛜᚨᚷᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ, ᛈᛟᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ-ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ—ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᚲ-ᛚᛁᚾᚲᛖᛞ “ᛊᚨᛚᛏ ᛏᛃᚠᛟᛟᚾ” ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚢᛊ ᛏᛖᛚᛖᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚢᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚲᛖᛈᛏ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ—ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏ ᛈᛖᚨᚲᛖᛏᛁᛗᛖ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ12. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ (e.g., ᛈᛖᚷᚨᛊᚢᛊ) ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛁᛊᛏᛊ, ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛞᛖᚱᛊ, ᛚᚨᚹᛃᛖᚱᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᛁᚷᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ, ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᛚᚨᚹ64.

ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ

ᛏᛟ ᚨᛞᛞᚱᛖᛊᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛚᛖ ᚲᚲᛁᚲ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᛖᛏ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ “ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ” ᛁᚾ ᚠᛖᛒᚱᚢᚨᚱᛃ 2024, ᚲᚢᛚᛗᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁ-ᛊᛏᚨᚲᛖᚺᛟᛚᛞᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚢᛈᛈᛟᚱᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚲᛟᚨᛚᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚ ᛊᛟᚲᛁᛖᛏᛃ63. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᚢᚱ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛁᛚᛚᚨᚱᛊ: ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ, ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛈᚨᚱᛖᚾᚲᛃ63.
ᛞᛖᛊᛈᛁᛏᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᛗᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚲᚢᚱᛒ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᚠᚨᚲᛖᛊ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᛁᛊᛗ. ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ, ᛊᛟᚠᛏ-ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᚹᛟᛁᛞ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᛊ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖ ᛁᛏ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ-ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚷᚢᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ “ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ”66. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹᛊ ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚹᛖᚾᛞᛟᚱᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚲᚱᛖᛞᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚨᛚᛚᛖᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚨᛊᛏ ᚨᛒᚢᛊᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛁᚾ ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚱᛗ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᚢᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛁᛜ66. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚺᛟᛊᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚠᛁᚱᛗᛊ—ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᛁᛊᚱᚨᛖᛚ, ᛊᛈᚨᛁᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛈᚱᚢᛊ—ᚨᛚᛟᛜᛊᛁᛞᛖ ᚹᚨᛊᛏ ᛊᚹᚨᚦᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛞᛟ-ᛈᚨᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᚨᛏᛁᚾ ᚨᛗᛖᚱᛁᚲᚨ, ᚺᚨᚹᛖ ᛚᚨᚱᚷᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᛒᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ, ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛚᛁᛗᛁᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ’ᛊ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᚲᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᚾᛖᛊᛊ68.

ᚦᛖᛟᚱᛖᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ: ᚦᛖ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ

ᚦᛖ ᚲᚢᛚᛗᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛏᚱᚨᛃᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛁᛖᛊ—ᚦᛖ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛒᛁᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᚨᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᚲᛁᚲᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛟᚠᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ—ᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛚᛊ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᚨᛚ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ. ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚦᛖᛟᚱᛁᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚠᛃ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛊ “ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ,” ᚨ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᛈᛏ ᛟᚱᛁᚷᛁᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛈᛟᛈᚢᛚᚨᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚺᛖᛞᛚᛖᛃ ᛒᚢᛚᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᚢᛗᛒᛖᚱᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛟ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᛁᛚ ᚲᛖᚱᚾᛃ69.
ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᚲᚺᚨᛚᛚᛖᛜᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛖᛊᛏᚠᚨᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚨᛊᛊᚢᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚹᛖᚱᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛚᚢᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ71. ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛖᚨᛞ, ᛁᛏ ᛞᛖᛊᚲᚱᛁᛒᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚨᚲᛏᛖᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛚᚨᛈᛈᛁᛜ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ-ᚲᚢᛏᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛟᛃᚨᛚᛏᛁᛖᛊ69.
ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᚠᛖᚾᛟᛗᛖᚾᛟᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᚠᛖᛊᛏᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᚱᚲᛚᛃ. ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᚲᛟᛜᛚᛟᛗᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛟᚾᛟᛗᛁᚲ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ, ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ-ᚷᚨᚦᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚱᛁᚹᚨᛚ ᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛖᛞ ᚦᛟᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛁᛜ ᚨᛊ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛊᚢᛉᛖᚱᚨᛁᚾᛊ71. ᛊᛁᛗᛁᛚᚨᚱ ᛏᛟ ᚺᛟᚹ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᚷᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛖᚺᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛖᚲᛟᚾᛟᛗᛁᚲ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᚾᛖᚱᛊᚺᛁᛈ (ᚱᚲᛖᛈ) ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛚᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛒᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚺᛟᚱᛁᛉᛟᚾᛏᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ ᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᚲᚱᛖᚨᛊᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛖᛚᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚲᛟᚾᚾᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ, ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛊ71.
ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚨᚲᛏᛖᚱᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲ—ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ—ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᚦᛟᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚺᛟᛚᛚᛟᚹᛖᛞ ᛟᚢᛏ70. ᛒᛃ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛁᛜ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ “ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚹᛖ” ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ 2026 ᚾᛊᛈᛗ, ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛊᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛚᛃᛁᛜ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᚱᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ, ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᚹᛟᛚᚹᛁᛜ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚹᚨᚱ-ᛗᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛊᚢᛒ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ60.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚠᛖᚢᛞᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ, ᛈᛟᛚᛃᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᚲ ᚹᛟᚱᛚᛞ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ74. ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚾᛟ ᛚᛟᛜᛖᚱ ᚨ ᚠᛁᚲᛊᛖᛞ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᚨᛒᛊᛟᛚᚢᛏᛖ, ᛒᚢᛏ ᚨ ᚠᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ, ᚾᛖᚷᛟᛏᛁᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛏ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛖᛞ ᚨᛗᛟᛜ ᚨ ᚹᚨᛊᛏ ᛖᚲᛟᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ71. ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᚹᛟᛚᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚢᚾᛈᚱᛖᚲᛖᛞᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚷᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᚾᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚷᚱᚨᛃ ᛉᛟᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ, ᛁᛏ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᛞᛁᚲᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᛊᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ.

ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛚᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ

ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚢᚾᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚹᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛚᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ. ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛁᚷᛗᛊ, ᚨᚾᚲᚺᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚲᚱᛖᚨᛊᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᚨᛞᛖᚲᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾ ᛗᚨᚲᚺᛁᚾᛖ-ᛊᛈᛖᛖᛞ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛞᛖᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛃ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ.
ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛈᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛊᚢᛊ ᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ 2026 ᚱᛖᚨᛁᛗ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ ᛁᛚᛚᚢᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛗᚢᛚᛏᛁᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᛈᚨᚹᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᚾ ᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛚᚷᛟᚱᛁᚦᛗᛁᚲ ᚨᚱᛗᛊ ᚱᚨᚲᛖ. ᚲᛟᚾᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 2026 ᚢᛊ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚨ ᚱᚢᛒᛁᚲᛟᚾ ᛗᛟᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ. ᛒᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᚱᚱᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ, ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚠᛖᚱᚱᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛏᛟᛚᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚱᛟᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᛟᚾᛟᛈᛟᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ.
ᚨᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚺᛃᛒᚱᛁᛞ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᚨᛊ, ᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚢᚾᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛊᚨᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛁᛊ ᚱᚨᛈᛁᛞᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᚷᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚨ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ. ᚾᚨᚹᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊᚲᚨᛈᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚢᚱᚷᛖᚾᛏ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᛞᚨᛈᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᚾᛟᚱᛗᛊ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛏᚨᛁᛚᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛁᚲ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞᚱᚨᛁᛚᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᛚᛖᚦᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᛃᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛈᛟᛁᚾᛏᛊ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᛁᚾᛖᚹᛁᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ, ᚢᚾᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ.

ᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚲᛁᛏᛖᛞ

1. ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ (ᚲᚺᚨᛈᛏᛖᚱ 1) - ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.0 ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ - ᚲᚨᛗᛒᚱᛁᛞᚷᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊ & ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛗᛖᚾᛏ, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/tallinn-manual-20-on-the-international-law-applicable-to-cyber-operations/sovereignty/6BA0C5B9829FD15D997B8C973C395E16
2. ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.0: ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ - ᚷᛖᛟᚱᚷᛖᛏᛟᚹᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ, https://www.law.georgetown.edu/international-law-journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2018/05/48-3-The-Tallinn-Manual-2.0.pdf
3. ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ - ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚹ: ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᚲᛁᛏ, https://cyberlaw.ccdcoe.org/wiki/Sovereignty
4. ᚱᛖᚦᛁᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᚲᚹᛟ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᚺᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚱᚱᛖ, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3154\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛁᛚᛊ
5. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛊ: ᚲ & ᚨ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛗᛁᚲᛖ ᛊᚲᚺᛗᛁᛏᛏ ᚨᛒᛟᚢᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ 3.0, https://sites.duke.edu/lawfire/2021/10/03/international-law-and-cyber-ops-q-a-with-mike-schmitt-about-the-status-of-tallinn-3-0/
6. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ | 2. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᚲᚺᚨᚦᚨᛗ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2019/12/application-international-law-state-cyberattacks/2-application-sovereignty-cyberspace
7. ᛊᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛁᛟ 17: ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, https://cyberlaw.ccdcoe.org/wiki/Scenario_17:_Collective_responses_to_cyber_operations
8. ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ: ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚱᛟᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᚹᛁᛟᚢᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᛏᚨᛃᛚᛟᚱ & ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛁᛊ, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23738871.2020.1832550
9. ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛃ’ᛊ ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᛏ ᛁ - ᛃᚢᛊᛏ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, https://www.justsecurity.org/75242/germanys-positions-on-international-law-in-cyberspace/
10. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ - U.S. ᚾᚨᚹᚨᛚ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚷᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛟᚾᛊ, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2980\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛁᛚᛊ
11. ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛁᚱᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ - Interface-eu.org, https://www.interface-eu.org/publications/cyber-red-flags
12. ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 3.0: ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ 2025 - ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚠ ᛚᚨᚹ & ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.jlcw.org/articles/tallinn-manual-3-0-sovereignty-and-attribution-in-2025-cyber-warfare
13. ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ - U.S. ᚾᚨᚹᚨᛚ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚷᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛟᚾᛊ, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2932\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛁᛚᛊ
14. ᚲᛚᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚷᚨᛈ: ᚱᛖᚦᛁᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, https://jindalforinteconlaws.in/2025/11/02/closing-the-accountability-gap-rethinking-article-8-of-arsiwa-for-cyberspace/
15. ᛚᛁᛊᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖᛊ - ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚹ: ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᚲᛁᛏ, https://cyberlaw.ccdcoe.org/wiki/List_of_articles
16. ᚨᚢᛊᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚ 2025 ᚹᛟᛚᚢᛗᛖ ᚲᛊᚲᛊᛁ, ᚾᚢᛗᛒᛖᚱ 1, https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-AAJ-Volume-XXI-Number-1.pdf
17. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚨ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛊᛁᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛞᛟᚾᛖᛊᛁᚨ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛃ - ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺᚷᚨᛏᛖ, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379714979_Cyber_Espionage_Policy_and_Regulation_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Indonesia_and_Germany
18. ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚲᚺᚨᛚᛚᛖᛜᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ - ᚺᛚᛊ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛊ, https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/2020/06/security-and-human-rights-challenges-of-cyber-due-diligence/
19. ᚾᛟ. 3: ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᛏᚨᛚ 2021 ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖ 5 | ᚦᛖ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛚᚨᚹᛃᛖᚱ | ᛈᛖᚱᛁᛟᛞᛁᚲᚨᛚᛊ | ᛏᛃᚨᚷᛚᚲᛊ, https://tjaglcs.army.mil/Periodicals/The-Army-Lawyer/tal-2021-issue-5/Post/5798/No-3-Crossing-Borders-in-Cyberspace
20. ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ: ᚨ ᚹᛁᛖᚹ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛚᚨᚹ, https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI102_crop-2.pdf
21. “ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ” - U.S. ᚾᚨᚹᚨᛚ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚷᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛟᚾᛊ, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3071\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛁᛚᛊ
22. ᛃᚢᛊ ᚨᛞ ᛒᛖᛚᛚᚢᛗ ᛊᛖᚱᛁᛖᛊ: ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᚾᚨ ᚱᛖᚷᛁᛟᚾ, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20531702.2024.2419762
23. ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚺᛁᚾᛞᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏ: ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚲᚱᛖᚨᛊᛁᛜ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 51 ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᚲᛁᛚ, https://www.justsecurity.org/121542/increasing-use-article-51-unsc/
24. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛖᛊᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛃᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ ᛞᚱ. ᚹᚨᛊᛖᛖᛗ ᚨᚺᛗᚨᛞ ᚲᚹᚱᛖᛊᚺᛁ* ᚱᛖᚲᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ,, https://drexel.edu/\~/media/Files/law/law%20review/v11-1/Qureshi%206199.ashx
25. ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ’ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚹᛟᛁᛞ ᚢᚾᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ - ᚲᚨᛗᛒᚱᛁᛞᚷᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊ & ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛗᛖᚾᛏ, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/use-of-autonomous-cyber-capabilities-in-armed-conflict-and-states-due-diligence-obligations-to-avoid-unintended-violations-of-international-humanitarian-law/AC7C1608D1AA3C9FED4BD3322876B72C
26. ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2019/07/Autonomy-in-Cyber-Capabilities-under-International-Law_260619-002.pdf
27. ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ, ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ - ᚨᚢᛊᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᛖ, https://researchcentre.army.gov.au/library/occasional-papers/autonomous-cyber-capabilities-and-international-law-use-force-self-defence-intervention-and-sovereignty
28. ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ: ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚱᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛖᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᛈᛏᛊ, ᚠᛖᚨᛏᚢᚱᛖᛊ, ᛊᚲᛟᛈᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ - ᛟᚲᛊᚠᛟᚱᛞ ᚨᚲᚨᛞᛖᛗᛁᚲ, https://academic.oup.com/chinesejil/article/24/1/jmaf005/8046309
29. ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᛁ: ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ, https://pwonlyias.com/current-affairs/military-ai/
30. ᚷᚨᛈᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᛖᛖᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛗᛁᛖᛊ - ᛈᚱᛟᚲᚹᛖᛊᛏ, https://search.proquest.com/openview/546c343f1a24355886e03630ecb956b9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar\&ᚲᛒᛚ=18750\&ᛞᛁᛊᛊ=ᛃ
31. ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ: ᚦᛖ ᛖᚦᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᚨᚲᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ: ᚱᛖᚲᛟᚾᚠᛁᚷᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ - ᛏᚨᛃᛚᛟᚱ & ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛁᛊ, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16544951.2025.2540131
32. ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ: ᛁᛗᚨᚷᛁᚾᛁᛜ ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛁᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ: ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ (ᛞᛖ-) ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛏᛁᛗᛁᛊᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚠᚢᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ - ᛏᚨᛃᛚᛟᚱ & ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛁᛊ, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600826.2023.2233004
33. ᚱᛖᚨᛁᛗ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ 2024: ᛊᛚᛟᚹᛚᛃ ᛒᚢᛏ ᛊᚢᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ? ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚺᚨᚷᚢᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛖᛟᚢᛚ | ᚨᚾᛉᛊᛁᛚ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛈᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ, https://anzsilperspective.com/reaim-summit-2024-slowly-but-surely-towards-better-governance-of-military-artificial-intelligence-from-the-hague-to-seoul/
34. ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ , ᛊᛖᛈᛏᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ 2025 ᛗᛟᚾᚦᛚᛃ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᚲᚨᛊᛏ - ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᚲᛁᛚ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏ, https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2025-09/artificial-intelligence-2.php
35. ᛏᛁᛗᛖᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚢᚦ ᚲᛟᚱᛖᚨᚾ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ’ᛊ ᚨᛁ ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏᛊ - ᚲᛟᚱᛖᚨ ᛖᚲᛟᚾᛟᛗᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛗᛖᚱᛁᚲᚨ, https://keia.org/analysis/timeline-of-the-south-korean-governments-ai-efforts/
36. ᚢᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ ᛟᛈᛏ ᛟᚢᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᛁ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᚨᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛏ ᛊᛈᚨᛁᚾ ᛊᚢᛗᛗᛁᛏ, https://thedefensewatch.com/policy-strategy/us-and-china-refuse-to-sign-military-ai-declaration-at-reaim-summit/
37. ᚨᚹᛟᛁᛞᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ-ᚨᛁ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊ - ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/avoiding-a-military-ai-complex
38. ᚦᛖ ᛈᛖᚱᛁᛚᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ - ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-perils-of-privatized-cyberwarfare
39. ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ - ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛟᚾᛊ @ ᚢᛊᚠ - ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚢᚦ ᚠᛚᛟᚱᛁᛞᚨ, https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2127\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛃᛊᛊ
40. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛟᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨᚾ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ: ᛁᛏᛊ ᛁᛗᛈᚨᚲᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᚲᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ - ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖᚨᚾ ᛈᚨᚱᛚᛁᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏ, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2023/702594/EXPO_BRI(2023)702594_EN.pdf
41. ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚹ ‘ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚹᚨ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ’ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛒᚨᛏᛏᛚᛖᚠᛁᛖᛚᛞ | ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᛊᛏ, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-new-geneva-code-for-hackers-on-the-cyber-battlefield/
42. ᚱᛖᚲᚨᛈᛈᛁᛜ “ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚹᚨᚱ: ᛚᛖᛊᛊᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨ-ᚢᚲᚱᚨᛁᚾᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ” - ᛚᛁᛖᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ, https://lieber.westpoint.edu/recapping-cyber-war-lessons-russia-ukraine-conflict/
43. ᚺᛟᛚᛞᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏ - ᚲᚺᚨᚦᚨᛗ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2026/03/holding-state-sponsored-hackers-and-other-cyber-proxies-account/03-international-legal-and
44. ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᛁᛊ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ: ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚲᛏ | ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/hackback-back-assessing-active-cyber-defense-certainty-act
45. ᚷᚱᚨᚹᛖᛊ, ᚷᛟᛏᚦᛖᛁᛗᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚲᛏ, https://gottheimer.house.gov/posts/graves-gottheimer-introduce-the-active-cyber-defense-certainty-act
46. ᛊᛈᛟᛁᛚᛁᛜ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚠᛁᚷᚺᛏ: ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚲᛏ - ᚢᛊᛞ ᚱᛖᛞ, https://red.library.usd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1108\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛊᛞᛚᚱᛖᚹ
47. ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ-ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ: ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚾᛖᚹ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛒᛟᛟᚲ, https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SLPR_Cook.pdf
48. ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᛁᚾ ᛒᛚᚨᚲᚲ: ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᚱᚾᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛈᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏᚨᛁᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚲᛏ - ᛃᚢᛊᛏ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, https://www.justsecurity.org/47141/hacking-black-legal-policy-concerns-updated-active-cyber-defense-certainty-act/
49. ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ | ᛁᚾᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ | ᛗᚨᛃᛖᚱ ᛒᚱᛟᚹᚾ, https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/08/presidential-memorandum-authorizes-vetted-private-companies-to-conduct-offensive-cyber-operations-against-foreign-criminal-organizations
50. ᛒᚢᚲᚲᚨᚾᛖᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛖᛃᛒᛟᚨᚱᛞ - ᛊᚹ ᛖᛟᛏᛁ, https://sveoti.net/buccaneers-at-the-keyboard/
51. ᚾᚨᚹᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚹ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛟᚾ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ-ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ, https://www.wiley.law/alert-Navigating-the-New-Presidential-Memorandum-on-Transnational-Cyber-Enabled-Crime
52. ᚠᚨᚲᛏ ᛊᚺᛖᛖᛏ: ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛞᛟᚾᚨᛚᛞ ᛃ. ᛏᚱᚢᛗᛈ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ - ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/08/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-expands-capabilities-to-combat-transnational-cyber-enabled-crime/
53. ᛁᚠ ᛃᛟᚢ ᛞᛟᚾ’ᛏ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᛏ, ᚦᛖᛃ’ᛚᛚ ᚱᛖᛗᛟᚹᛖ ᛁᛏ: ᚹᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ - ᚾᛟᛉᛟᛗᛁ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ, https://www.nozominetworks.com/blog/if-you-dont-secure-it-theyll-remove-it-what-the-new-ce-tco-offensive-cyber-memorandum-means-for-industrial-operators
54. U.S. ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛁᚱᛗᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈᛊ - ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛁᛟ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹ, https://nationalcioreview.com/articles-insights/extra-bytes/u-s-allows-private-firms-to-target-foreign-cybercrime-groups/
55. ᛊᛖᚨ ᛞᛟᚷᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ: ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛖᛗᛈᛚᛟᛃᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ - ᛞᛏᛁᚲ, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1159884.pdf
56. ᛟᛚᛞ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ, ᚾᛖᚹ ᛈᚱᛟᛒᛚᛖᛗᛊ - ᚨᛊᛈᛖᚾ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ, https://www.aspendigital.org/blog/cyber-retaliation/
57. ᚦᛖ ᚨᚱᛗᛃ ᚹᚨᚱ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚷᛖ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹ ᚹᛟᛚ. 1 ᚾᛟ. 2, https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1204\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖᛊ_ᛖᛞᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚᛊ
58. ᛏᚱᚢᛗᛈ’ᛊ ᚺᚨᚲᚲ-ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᛗᛖᛗᛟ: ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏ - ᛊᚢᛉᚢ ᛚᚨᛒᛊ, https://suzulabs.com/suzu-labs-blog/america-just-built-a-public-private-offensive-cyber-program.-the-civilian-component-is-the-part-that-has-to-be-built-right
59. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛁᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᛖᚱᛁᛚᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᛉᛖ ᛚᚨᚹ - ᛗᚨᛊᛟᚾ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛊ, https://journals.gmu.edu/whc/article/download/3506/1934
60. ᛞᛟᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛁᛚᛟᛊᛟᚠᛃ (ᚠᛞ) ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᚨᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛁᛊᚲ ᛟᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᚲᚱᚨᚠᛏ; ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚱᚨᛒ ᛖᛗᛁᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᚨ ᚲᚨᛊᛖ ᛊᛏᚢᛞᛃ ᚨᛚᛊᚺᚨᛁᚲᚺ, ᚲᚺᚨᛚ - ᚷᛚᚨᛊᚷᛟᚹ ᚲᚨᛚᛖᛞᛟᚾᛁᚨᚾ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ, https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/files/111064539/111064455.pdf
61. ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᛒᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚲᛃᚠᛃ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᛗᛖ 4 (2017) - ᛟᛒᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230503115834.pdf
62. ᚱᛟᚾᚨᛚᛞ ᛃ. ᛞᛖᛁᛒᛖᚱᛏ - ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/contributors/rdeibert
63. ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ | 03 ᛖᚲᛊᛁᛊᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ - ᚲᚺᚨᚦᚨᛗ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/10/principles-state-approaches-commercial-cyber-intrusion-capabilities/03-existing
64. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ - ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-pall-mall-process-on-cyber-intrusion-capabilities
65. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ: ᛏᚨᚲᚲᛚᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚱᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ - GOV.UK, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-pall-mall-process-declaration-tackling-proliferation-and-irresponsible-use-of-commercial-cyber-intrusion-capabilities/the-pall-mall-process-tackling-the-proliferation-and-irresponsible-use-of-commercial-cyber-intrusion-capabilities
66. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ - ᛒᚢᛊᛁᚾᛖᛊᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᛖ, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/pall-mall/
67. ᛈᚨᚱᛁᛊ, ᛈᚨᛚᛚ ᛗᚨᛚᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ | ᚱᚢᛊᛁ - ᚹᛁᚱᛖᛞᚷᛟᚹ, https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/news.nsf/articles/paris+pall+mall+and+a+code+of+practice+for+cyber+capabilities+01042025142500?open
68. ᚲᛖᛖᛈᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛞᛟ-ᛈᚨᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛟᚾ ᛒᛟᚨᚱᛞ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛏᛁ-ᛊᛈᛃᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛗᛟᚹᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ | ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᛊᛏ, https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/keeping-the-indo-pacific-onboard-with-the-global-anti-spyware-movement/
69. ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ - ᚹᛁᚲᛁᛈᛖᛞᛁᚨ, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-medievalism
70. ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚨᚦ ᛟᚠ ᛒᛖᛚᛟᛜᛁᛜ? ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ, ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛃ - ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛊ, https://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/3436054/
71. ᚱᚲᛖᛈ: ᚨ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ? - İᚱᛖᛗ ᛏᚨᛒᛁᚱᛚᛁᛟğᛚᚢ - ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᚾᛟᚱᚨᛗᚨ, https://www.globalpanorama.org/en/2025/09/rcep-a-neo-medieval-governance-structure/
72. ᛈᚢᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚾᛖᛟ-ᛗᛖᛞᛁᛖᚹᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ: ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚺᚢᛜᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᛚᚨᚹ*, https://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no9_ses/02_deets.pdf
73. ᚱᛖᚠᛖᚢᛞᚨᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᚨᚹ: ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛏᛟ ᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛚᛚᛖᚷᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ | ᚨᚾᚾᚢᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹᛊ, https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-111522-075848
74. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚠᛖᚢᛞᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ | zenith.me, https://magazine.zenith.me/en/society/democracy-technology-and-future-society