ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚱᚨ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ

ᚦᛖ ᛚᚨᚾᛞᛊᚲᚨᛈᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ (ᚨᛁ) ᚺᚨᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᚷᛟᚾᛖ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᚨᛚ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᚠᛟᛚᛚᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚲᚨᛊᚲᚨᛞᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛗᛁᛞ-2026. ᛗᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ, ᚱᛖᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛗᛒᛁᚷᚢᛟᚢᛊ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛚᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚲᛟᛞᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᚨ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛖᚺᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ, ᛞᚢᚨᛚ-ᛏᚱᚨᚲᚲ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛈᛟᛊᛏᚢᚱᛖ. ᚦᛖ ᚠᛁᚱᛊᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚲᚲ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ, ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ-ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖᛊ, ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛁᚾᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚦᛖ “ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ” ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ1. ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛟᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚲᚲ, ᛖᚾᚲᚨᛈᛊᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 12, 2026, ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ (ᚾᛊᛈᛗ) “ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ,” ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ (ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ) ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ4.
ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛖ ᚹᚨᛏ ᚷᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ “ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ” ᛏᛟ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛏᚨᚲᛖ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᚺᚨᚢᛊᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛒᛟᚦ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛖᛈᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛊᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ. ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚱᛟᛒᚢᛊᛏ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ, ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗᛊ. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖᛃ ᛊᛏᚱᛖᛊᛊ-ᛏᛖᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛊᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ, ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛊ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚢᚾᛈᚱᛖᚲᛖᛞᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ, ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᚺᛟᚹ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚨᛊ ᚨᚢᛏᛟᚾᛟᛗᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛖᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚹᚨᚱᚠᚨᚱᛖ, ᛒᚢᛏ ᚨᛊ ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚢᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛖᚾᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ.

ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ: ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᚨᛈᛁᛞ ᚨᛁ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ, ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛚ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚺᚨᚱᛞᛖᚾᛁᛜ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᛁᛊ ᚨᚾᚲᚺᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ ᛁᛁ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊ, ᛊᚢᛈᛈᛟᚱᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ, ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛁᛜ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ6.

ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409 ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ

ᛟᚾ ᛃᚢᚾᛖ 2, 2026, ᚦᛖ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᛁᛜ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409, “ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛟᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ,” ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ-ᛟᚱᛁᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏᛊ6. ᚦᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛖᛊᚲᚺᛖᚹᛊ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛚᛁᚲᛖᚾᛊᛁᛜ, ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᛁᛏᛏᛁᛜ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚨᛁ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ, ᚠᚨᚹᛟᚱᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚠᛟᛊᛏᛖᚱ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᛁᛗᚢᛚᛏᚨᚾᛖᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ8. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᚱᚲ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᛊᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛗᛟᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ, ᚷᚨᛏᛖᚲᛖᛖᛈᛖᚱ-ᛊᛏᛃᛚᛖ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚱᛖᚷᛁᛗᛖᛊ ᛖᛗᛖᚱᚷᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᛃᚢᚱᛁᛊᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖᚨᚾ ᚢᚾᛁᛟᚾ11.
ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖ ᛖᛟ 14409 ᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ’ᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ, ᛊᚨᚠᛖᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᚢᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᚱᛞᛊ6. ᚦᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛊᛖᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚱᛁᚷᛟᚱᛟᚢᛊ 30-ᛞᚨᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ 60-ᛞᚨᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛈᚱᛁᚾᛏᛊ, ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ (ᚲᛁᛊᚨ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚺᚨᚱᛞᛖᚾ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃ ᚨᛁ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ9. ᚾᛟᛏᚨᛒᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛁᛊᚨ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᛞᛁᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚᛁᚨᚾ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚠᚨᚲᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ-ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚱᚢᚱᚨᛚ ᚺᛟᛊᛈᛁᛏᚨᛚᛊ, ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᛏᛃ ᛒᚨᚾᚲᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛚ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ6.
ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛖᛟ 14409 ᛁᛊ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ 3, ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛁ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᛊ “ᚲᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ.” ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᚾ ᚨ 60-ᛞᚨᛃ ᛏᛁᛗᛖᛚᛁᚾᛖ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈ ᚨ ᚲᛚᚨᛊᛊᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᛒᛖᚾᚲᚺᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚹᚨᛚᚢᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᚱᛖᛚᛖᚹᚨᚾᛏ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛁ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ9. ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛒᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛁᚾᚹᛁᛏᛁᛜ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛖᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛖᚨᚱᛚᛃ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚢᛈ ᛏᛟ 30 ᛞᚨᛃᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᚱᛖᛚᛖᚨᛊᛖ, ᛊᚢᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᛜᛖᚾᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛖᚱᛏᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛊᛁᛞᛖᚱ-ᚱᛁᛊᚲ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ9. ᛒᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛞᛁᛊᛈᛖᚾᛊᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᛟᛒᛁᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ-ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᚾᛖᚱᛊᚺᛁᛈᛊ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛁᛜ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚲᛟᛜᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ6.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᛈᛟᛊᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛖᚾᛞᛊ ᛒᛖᛃᛟᚾᛞ ᚨᛁ. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛞᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᛖᛊ ᚺᛟᛚᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ. ᚠᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᛟᚾ ᛃᚢᚾᛖ 22, 2026, ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛞᛃᚨᚲᛖᚾᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ, “ᚢᛊᚺᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚲᛊᛏ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚹᚨᚾᛏᚢᛗ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ,” ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚹᚨᚾᛏᚢᛗ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛟᚹᛖᚱᛃ ᛊᚲᛁᛖᚾᚲᛖ (ᚲᚲ-ᚨᛞᛞᛊ) ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᛁᛗᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃ ᚨ ᛊᚲᛁᛖᚾᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚢᛊᛖᚠᚢᛚ, ᚠᚨᚢᛚᛏ-ᛏᛟᛚᛖᚱᚨᚾᛏ ᚲᚹᚨᚾᛏᚢᛗ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᛒᛃ 2028, ᚱᛖᚠᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚨᛗᛖ ᚹᛟᛚᛖ-ᛟᚠ-ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛁᛚᛁᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛊᛖᛖᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛁ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ12.

ᚦᛖ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ: ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ-ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ 2(ᛞ) ᛟᚠ ᛖᛟ 14409 ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛁ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᚹᛁᚦᛁᚾ 30 ᛞᚨᛃᛊ, ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛁᛜ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᛊᛁᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ12. ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᛃᚢᛚᛃ 14, 2026, ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ. ᛁᛏ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ-ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛜᛖᛊᛏ, ᚹᚨᛚᛁᛞᚨᛏᛖ, ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᛏ ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ ᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᚨᛁ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ2.
ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᚹᚨᛊ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛒᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚺᛟᛗᛖᛚᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ (ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚲᛁᛊᚨ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ (ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ), ᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛚᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚺᛁᚷᚺ-ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛒᚱᛁᛜ ᚨ “ᚹᚨᚱᛏᛁᛗᛖ ᚠᛟᛟᛏᛁᛜ” ᛏᛟ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ2. ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛃ ᛊᛖᚲᚱᛖᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛊᚲᛟᛏᛏ ᛒᛖᛊᛊᛖᚾᛏ ᚾᛟᛏᚨᛒᛚᛃ ᛖᛗᚠᚨᛊᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ’ᛊ ᚱᛟᛚᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛊᚨᚠᛖᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ, ᛁᚾᛞᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛖᚨᚱᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ’ᛊ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ12.

ᛟᚹᛖᚱᚲᛟᛗᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ

ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᚨᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨ ᛚᛟᛜᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛁᚲ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ: ᚠᚱᚨᚷᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺᛖᚱᛊ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᛗᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᛞᛁᚹᛖᚱᚷᛖᚾᛏ ᛊᚲᚨᚾᚾᛁᛜ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ, ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛚᚨᛈᛈᛁᛜ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛊ, ᛁᚾᚲᛟᚾᛊᛁᛊᛏᛖᚾᛏ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚨᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛏ ᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᚱᛊ2. ᚨᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᚨᛁ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ ᛞᚱᚨᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛚᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛟᚹᛖᚱᛃ—ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛞᛃᚾᚨᛗᛁᚲ ᛞᛖᛊᚲᚱᛁᛒᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛊᛏᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛚᛟᛟᛗᛁᛜ “ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛈᛟᚲᚨᛚᛃᛈᛊᛖ”—ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛖᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚨᛏᚲᚺᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛖᛊᛊᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᚾᛞᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᛟᛒᛊᛟᛚᛖᛏᛖ2.
ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛁ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛟᛚᚹᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛁᛜᛖᛊᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛊᛁᛊ. ᚦᛖ ᛈᛚᚨᛏᚠᛟᚱᛗ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛞᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖ ᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ, ᛞᛖᛞᚢᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛞᚢᚾᛞᚨᚾᛏ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛊ, ᚹᚨᛚᛁᛞᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᚨ ᚠᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚷᛖᚾᚢᛁᚾᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚠᚨᛚᛊᛖ ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᚨᛊᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᚱᛁᛊᚲ ᚠᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᛗᛖᚱᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛁᛏᛃ2. ᛁᚾᛞᚢᛊᛏᚱᛃ ᚱᛖᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᚲᚱᛟᚹᛞᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖ ᚨᛞᚹᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛖ (ᚨᛁᛞᚱ) ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏᛁᚲ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛊ (ᛊᛟᚲᛊ) ᛏᛟ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᚠᛚᚢᚲᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ, ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚺᚨᚱᛗᛟᚾᛁᛉᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ’ᛊ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚ16. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛊᚲᚨᚾ ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚾ-ᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛟᚾᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚱᛖᚲᛖᛁᚹᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚨᛏᚲᚺᛁᛜ, ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᚨᛊᚲᚨᛞᛁᛜ ᛊᚢᛈᛈᛚᛃ ᚲᚺᚨᛁᚾ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲᛊ1.

ᚦᛖ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗ: ᚹᛁᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᛁ

ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛏᛁ-ᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏ ᛚᚨᚹᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᚱᛁᛖᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛚᛟᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᚺᛖᚨᚹᛁᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ (ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ) ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚ12. ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛖᛗᛈᛚᛟᛃᛊ ᚨ ᛏᚹᛟ-ᛈᛚᚨᛏᚠᛟᚱᛗ ᛈᛁᛈᛖᛚᛁᚾᛖ. ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚹᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛈᛚᚨᛏᚠᛟᚱᛗ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᚨᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛖᛜᛁᚾᛖ, ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛃᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ-ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛊ ᚨᛏ ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ12. ᛟᚾᚲᛖ ᛏᚱᛁᚨᚷᛖᛞ, ᛊᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛖᚾᚹᛁᚱᛟᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ (ᚹᛁᚾᚲᛖ) ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛚᛟᛊᚢᚱᛖ3.
ᚹᛁᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛖᚱᛏ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ ᚨᛏ ᚲᚨᚱᚾᛖᚷᛁᛖ ᛗᛖᛚᛚᛟᚾ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ’ᛊ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛖᛜᛁᚾᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ (ᛊᛖᛁ)12. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᚲᚹᛁᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ (ᚠᚨᚱ) 35.017, ᛊᛖᛁ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚨᚾ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ12. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᛊ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛗᛟᚢᚾᛏ ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛖᛊᛏ, ᛁᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ12. ᚦᛖ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᚨᚱᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛞ ᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏ; ᛁᛏ ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛊᛖᚾᛊᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ, ᛈᚱᛟᛈᚱᛁᛖᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖ ᚲᛟᛞᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛊᚢᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᛖᛖᛞᛟᛗ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚠᛟᛁᚨ) ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛗᛁᛊᚢᛊᛖ12.
ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚨ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛊᚢᛒᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ. ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲᛊ ᛟᚹᛖ ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛚᛟᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᚨᚠᚠᚨᛁᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚾᚢᚨᚾᚲᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛃ-ᛚᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ-ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ12.

ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚺᛁᛖᛚᛞᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ’ᛊ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᚷᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛟᛚᚢᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ12. ᛏᛟ ᛁᚾᚲᛖᚾᛏᛁᚹᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᚷᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛖᛚᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚺᛁᛖᛚᛞᛊ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏ ᚲᛟᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ:

1. ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ 2015 (ᚲᛁᛊᚨ 2015): ᚹᛖᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛗᛖᛏ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛏᛁᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚠᛟᛁᚨ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛚᛟᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᚾ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛁᛜ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛁᚾᛞᛁᚲᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ12. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚱᛏᛊ ᚾᛟᛏᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛖᚾᛏ; ᚲᛁᛊᚨ 2015 ᛁᛊ ᚲᚢᚱᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛟᚾᛚᛃ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᛊᛖᛈᛏᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ 30, 2026, ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛈᛟᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛁᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚱᛁᛊᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛟᚱᛊ12.
2. ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ (ᛈᚲᛁᛁ) ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ: ᚦᛁᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚱᛊ ᚨᛞᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ, ᚹᚨᛚᛁᛞᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚢᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛚᛟᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛊᚢᛒᛗᛁᛊᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ12.
3. ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ (ᚲᚠᚨᚨ ᛊᚨᚠᛖ ᚺᚨᚱᛒᛟᚱ): ᚱᛖᚹᛁᛊᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᛗᚨᛃ 2022, ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛃ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᚲᛚᛁᚾᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛒᚢᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚲᚠᚨᚨ) ᚲᚺᚨᚱᚷᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᛟᛞ-ᚠᚨᛁᚦ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺ12. ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛖᚨᚱᚲᚺᛖᚱᛊ ᛞᛁᛊᚲᛟᚹᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᛊ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ, ᚾᛟᛏ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛊᚨᚠᛖ ᚺᚨᚱᛒᛟᚱ; ᛁᛏ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛒᛁᚾᛞ ᚲᛁᚹᛁᛚ ᛚᛁᛏᛁᚷᚨᚾᛏᛊ, ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᚱᛁᛞᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ-ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ12.

ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ

ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᚷᛖᛊ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚨᛞᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛏᛟ ᚠᚨᚲᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚷᚢᛊᛏ 12, 2026, ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ (ᚾᛊᛈᛗ) ᛏᛁᛏᛚᛖᛞ “ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ” ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᛃᛖᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ4. ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛟᚠᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ (“ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ”) ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ (ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ)5.
ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛒᚨᚱᚱᛁᛖᚱ ᛏᛟ “ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ” ᛒᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛒᚢᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚲᚠᚨᚨ), ᚲᛟᛞᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᚨᛏ 18 U.S.C. § 1030. ᚦᛖ ᚲᚠᚨᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᚱ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᛁᛏ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛈᛖᚾᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛟ ᛖᛜᚨᚷᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚹᛁᚷᛁᛚᚨᚾᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛚᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ5. ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᛖᛏᚨᛚᛁᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᛟᛊᛖᛊ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ, ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛞᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛚᚨᚲᚲ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᛈᛚᛟᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛁᚲᛖᛚᛁᚺᛟᛟᛞ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛏᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚹᛟᛊᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᚲᛟ-ᛟᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛒᛟᛏᚾᛖᛏᛊ4.

ᚦᛖ 18 U.S.C. § 1030(ᚠ) ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ

ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛒᛃᛈᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛁᚾ 18 U.S.C. § 1030(ᚠ)5. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᛏᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚠᚨᚨ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏ ᚨᚾᛃ ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᚹᛖᛊᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ, ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᛟᚱ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ. ᛒᛃ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛊᛟ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᛚᚠ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ, ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚠᛟᚱᛗᛊ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ5.
ᛏᛟ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚠᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚱᛁᚷᛟᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗ. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛁᛊ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ (ᚾᚲᚲ), ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏᛊ5. ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛁᛊ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛖᚾ ᛒᛃ ᛏᚹᛟ ᚲᛟ-ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ: ᛟᚾᛖ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᛟᚱᚾᛖᛃ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᚱᛖᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚺᛟᛗᛖᛚᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ5.
ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛁᚷᚾ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᚨᚷᚱᛖᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚲᛖ (ᛞᛟᛃ) ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚺᛟᛗᛖᛚᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ (ᛞᚺᛊ), ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛊᛏᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᚠ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾᚾᛖᛚ, ᚨᛞᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛁᚷᛟᚱᛟᚢᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛟᚲᛟᛚᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᛟᛊᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛒᛟᚾᛞ ᛟᚱ ᛖᛊᚲᚱᛟᚹ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛟ ᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᚦᚨᚾ $1 ᛗᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾ, ᛊᚢᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚠᛟᚱᚠᛖᛁᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚨᛚ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ5. ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᚱᛏᚨᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᛖᚹᛖᚱᛃ ᛊᛁᛜᛚᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᛊᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛈᚨᚲᚲᚨᚷᛖ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚱᛖᚲᛖᛁᚹᛖ ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛏᛖᚾ ᛈᚱᛖ-ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚹᚨᛚ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟ-ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛒᛖᚠᛟᚱᛖ ᚨᚾᛃ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᚨᚾ ᛒᛖ ᛏᚨᚲᛖᚾ5.

ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛊᚢᚱᚹᛖᛁᛚᛚᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᛊ. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ

ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ, ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛏᚹᛟ ᛞᛁᛊᛏᛁᚾᚲᛏ ᚲᚨᛏᛖᚷᛟᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ:

1. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛊᚢᚱᚹᛖᛁᛚᛚᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ: ᚲᛟᚹᛖᚱᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ-ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᛚᚹᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚷᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᛟᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᛁᛏᛊ ᛁᚾᚲᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᛏᛖᛗᛈᛟᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚠᚨᚲᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛞᛟ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛁᛗᛈᚨᛁᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ5.
2. ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ: ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛟᛚᛟᚷᛃ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛗᚨᚾᛁᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖ, ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏ, ᛞᛖᚾᛃ, ᛞᛖᚷᚱᚨᛞᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᛟᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ, ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ, ᛟᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᚾᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ5.

ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᚲ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᚱᛁᚷᚷᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚺᚨᚱᛞ ᛒᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᚱᛃ: ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛃ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚨ “ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛟᚢᛏᚲᛟᛗᛖ.” ᚦᛖ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛟᚢᛏᚲᛟᛗᛖ ᚨᛊ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛚᛁᚲᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᛊᚢᛚᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛚᛟᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛚᛁᚠᛖ, ᛊᛖᚱᛁᛟᚢᛊ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛃᚢᚱᛃ, ᛟᚱ ᚨᚾ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚨ “ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ” ᛟᚱ ᚨᚾ “ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ” ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ4.

ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛃ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᚷᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᚦᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛁᛊ ᛈᚨᚱᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᛗᚢᚲᚺ ᛚᚨᚱᚷᛖᚱ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᚷᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ. ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᚱᚨᚾᚲᚺ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛒᚨᛊᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛞᚢᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚲᛁᛏᛁᛉᛖᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨ ᛞᛖᚹᚨᛊᛏᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚹᚨᚹᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ. ᛁᚾ 2025, ᚨᛗᛖᚱᛁᚲᚨᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᚢᛗᛖᚱᛊ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛖᛞ ᛚᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᛟᚹᛖᚱ $20.8 ᛒᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖᛊ, ᚹᛁᚦ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᛖᛜᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ, ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛊᛏᛟᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚲᚺᛖᛗᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚱᛟᛈᛟᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛈᛟᛈᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ5.
ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᚦᛁᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᛟᚱᚲᚺᛖᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛗᚨᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᚺᛁᚠᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ. ᛟᚾ ᚠᛖᛒᚱᚢᚨᚱᛃ 5, 2025, ᚨᛏᛏᛟᚱᚾᛖᛃ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛈᚨᛗ ᛒᛟᚾᛞᛁ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖᛞ ᚨ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛏᛁᛏᛚᛖᛞ “ᛏᛟᛏᚨᛚ ᛖᛚᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚨᚱᛏᛖᛚᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ,” ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛟᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᚨᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖᛊ—ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛗᛟᚾᛖᛃ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᛟᚱᚱᚢᛈᛏ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᛖᛊ ᚨᚲᛏ (ᚠᚲᛈᚨ) ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ—ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᚲᚨᛊᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᚾᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚲᚨᚱᛏᛖᛚᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚲᛟᛊ5.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᚱᛖᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᚨᛊ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14157, ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛗᚨᛃᛟᚱ ᚲᚨᚱᛏᛖᛚᛊ (e.g., ᚦᛖ ᛊᛁᚾᚨᛚᛟᚨ ᚲᚨᚱᛏᛖᛚ, ᛗᛊ-13, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛏᚱᛖᚾ ᛞᛖ ᚨᚱᚨᚷᚢᚨ) ᚨᛊ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛟᚱᛁᛊᛏ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ (ᚠᛏᛟᛊ) ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛟᚱᛁᛊᛏᛊ (ᛊᛞᚷᛏᛊ)5. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛁᛉᛖᛊ 18 U.S.C. § 2339ᛒ, ᛁᛗᛈᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛃ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛟᚱᛚᛞᚹᛁᛞᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛁᛜ “ᛗᚨᛏᛖᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛊᚢᛈᛈᛟᚱᛏ” ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ, ᚦᛖᚱᛖᛒᛃ ᛁᛊᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ5. ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᛞᛗᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ, ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚠᚢᚾᛞᛊ ᚲᛚᚨᚹᛖᛞ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ, ᛊᛖᛁᛉᛖᛞ, ᛟᚱ ᚠᛟᚱᚠᛖᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛞᛁᛊᛗᚨᚾᛏᛚᛖᛞ ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞ ᛊᚲᚺᛖᛗᛖᛊ5.

ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ

ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᚨᚹᛊ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛒᚢᚱᛖᚨᚢᚲᚱᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᛁᚾᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛏ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ. ᚹᛖᚾ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛊ ᛞᛖᛈᚢᛏᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏ ᚨ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛟᚾ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛊᛟᚢᚦᛖᚨᛊᛏ ᚨᛊᛁᚨ, ᛖᚨᛊᛏᛖᚱᚾ ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛃ, ᛁᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ.

ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ

ᚦᛖ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛖᛗᛁᛊᛖ ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖ, ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛊᚢᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛁᛊᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᛈᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏᚨᚲᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᚾᛖᚷᛟᛏᛁᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᛖᚨᛏᛖᛞᛚᛃ ᚨᚠᚠᛁᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛟᚠ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚱᛏᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ (ᚢᚾ ᚷᚷᛖ) ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ 2013, 2015, ᚨᚾᛞ 2021 ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛊ, ᚨᛊ ᚹᛖᛚᛚ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᛟᛈᛖᚾ-ᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᚹᛟᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ (ᛟᛖᚹᚷ)19.
ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᚠᛁᚱᛗ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚲᚺᚨᚱᛏᛖᚱ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᚱᛖᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᛚᚹᛖ ᛞᛁᛊᛈᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᛈᛖᚨᚲᛖᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚠᚱᚨᛁᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛟᚱ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚷᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚱ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾᛃ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ19. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᛞᛁᛈᛚᛟᛗᚨᚲᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚷᚷᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛒᛖᛖᚾ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚹᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛚᛖ. ᚦᛖ 2016-2017 ᚷᚷᛖ ᚠᚨᛗᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛈᛊᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚨ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚾᛊᚢᛊ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚲᚢᛒᚨ, ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨ, ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚦᛖᚱᛊ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ ᛁᚾᚲᛚᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛖᛚᚠ-ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ, ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᚲᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚺᚢᛗᚨᚾᛁᛏᚨᚱᛁᚨᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ (ᛁᚺᛚ) ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ20. ᚦᛖ ᛊᚢᚲᚲᛖᛊᛊᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ 2021 ᚷᚷᛖ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚱᛖᚨᚠᚠᛁᚱᛗ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖᛊ, ᚦᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᛞᛖᛖᛈ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚺᛟᚹ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ20.

ᚦᛖ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛞᛖᛒᚨᛏᛖ: ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᚹᛖᚱᛊᚢᛊ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ

ᚨ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᛟᛁᚾᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᛊ ᚹᛖᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚨ ᛒᛁᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛟᚱ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚹᛁᚲᚺ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ (ᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ) ᛞᛖᚱᛁᚹᛖ20.
ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᛚᛚᛁᚾᚾ ᛗᚨᚾᚢᚨᛚ 2.0 ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛟᚠ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚱᛏᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᚠᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛖ, ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ21. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᚹᛁᛖᚹ, ᚨᚾᛃ ᚢᚾᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛈᛖᚾᛖᛏᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛃ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ, ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛞᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛃᛊᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛟᚱ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᚹᛁᚨ ᚨ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚹᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ, ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛈᛖᚱ ᛊᛖ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ20. ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚨᛞᚺᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ’ᛊ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛃᚢᚱᛁᛊᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚹᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᚾᛖᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ.
ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛁᛜᛞᛟᛗ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᛟᛊᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚱᛖᚲᛟᚷᚾᛁᛉᛖ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᚨᛚᛟᚾᛖ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛗᛖᚱᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᛊᛈᛁᛟᚾᚨᚷᛖ ᛟᚱ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛞᛖᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ20. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚲ ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚨᚲᚺ, ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛖᚲᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ, ᚨ ᚱᛖᛗᛟᛏᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏ ᚢᚾᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᛁᛏ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ.
ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚾᚨᚹᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛈᚱᚨᚷᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᛗᛁᛞᛞᛚᛖ ᛈᚨᚦ, ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚠᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ. ᛒᛃ ᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛚᚢᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ (ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ) ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᛟᚱ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛁᛗᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛒᛟᛏᚾᛖᛏ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚢᛊᚢᚱᛈ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᚺᛖᚱᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚ ᚠᚢᚾᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᚢᛊ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᚨᚱᛁᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ4.

ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ

ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛃᛈᚨᛊᛊᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᛁᛏ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᛁᛚᛚ ᛊᚢᚱᚹᛁᚹᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚲᚹᚨᛚᛁᚠᛃ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᛏᚹᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖ ᛗᛖᛏ: ᛁᛏ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖᚨᚱ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᚠᚠᚨᛁᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ (ᛁᛏᛊ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾᛖ ᚱéᛊᛖᚱᚹé, ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᛖᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚱ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ), ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᛏ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖ ᚲᛟᛖᚱᚲᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚾᚨᛏᚢᚱᛖ25.
ᚲᛟᛖᚱᚲᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛖᛞ. ᛁᛏ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛚ ᚨ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᚺᚨᛜᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᚹᛁᛟᚱ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛖᚲᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛗᚨᛏᛏᛖᚱ ᛁᛏ ᛁᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛞᛖ ᚠᚱᛖᛖᛚᛃ, ᛟᚱ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚲᛏ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛈᚱᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᚦᛟᛊᛖ ᛗᚨᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ25. ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚾᚢᛁᛊᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᚠᛚᚢᛖᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛒᛃ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᚢᚨᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᚹᚨᛚᛁᚠᛃ ᚨᛊ ᚲᛟᛖᚱᚲᛁᛟᚾ25.
ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛞᛖᚱᛁᚹᛖᛊ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚹᚨᛚᛁᛞᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚨᚲᛏ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ ᛚᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚦᛁᛊ ᚲᛟᛖᚱᚲᛁᚹᛖ ᛖᛚᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᛟᚹᚨᚱᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ. ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛗᛟᛏᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚱᚨᚾᛊᛟᛗᚹᚨᚱᛖ ᛊᛃᚾᛞᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᚱ ᛞᛁᛊᛗᚨᚾᛏᛚᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚠᚱᚨᚢᛞᚢᛚᛖᚾᛏ ᚲᚨᛚᛚ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚨᛏᛏᛖᛗᛈᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛚᛏᛖᚱ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᛟᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ; ᛁᛏ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ4. ᚦᛖᚱᛖᚠᛟᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᛞᛟ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ ᚨᚾ ᚢᚾᛚᚨᚹᚠᚢᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚠᚠᚨᛁᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖ.

ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ

ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᚲᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᛖᛜᚨᚷᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ. ᛒᛃ ᛗᛟᚹᛁᛜ ᚨᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛏᛟᛚᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ “ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ” ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛖᚨᛞ ᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛁᛏ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚲᛏᛊ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚠᚢᚾᛞᚨᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛚᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ, ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛁᛊᛊᛁᛟᚾ’ᛊ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ (ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ)27.

ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8: ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ

ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚱᚢᛚᛖ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ, ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛁᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ27. ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛃ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛊ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛊ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛚᛖ. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ: ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛟᚠ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᚺᚨᛚᛚ ᛒᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛁᛞᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚷᚱᛟᚢᛈ ᛁᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚠᚨᚲᛏ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ, ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚱ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ ᛟᚠ, ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚲᚨᚱᚱᛃᛁᛜ ᛟᚢᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ27.
ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᛗᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛒᛊᛟᛚᚢᛏᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚ. ᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛒᛃ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᛒᛖ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏᛖᛞ “ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛚᚢᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᛚᚠ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚢᛈᛖᚱᚹᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ” ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏ, ᚹᚱᛁᛏᛏᛖᚾ ᛈᚱᛖ-ᚨᛈᛈᚱᛟᚹᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛞᛟᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᚺᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚹᛖᚱᛃ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ4.
ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚦᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛊᛖ ᛞᛖᚷᚱᛖᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛊᚢᛈᛖᚱᚹᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᛖᚱᚠᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛊᚨᛏᛁᛊᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᛜᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 826. ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛖᚲᚹᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛁᛗᛈᚢᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ28.
ᛒᛃ ᛞᛖᛚᛁᛒᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᛏᚱᛁᚷᚷᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚲᛚᚨᛁᛗᛊ ᚦᛖ “ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ” ᛏᛟ ᚺᚨᚱᚾᛖᛊᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛈᛖᛖᛞ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖ ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᛁᛗᚢᛚᛏᚨᚾᛖᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛈᛏᛁᛜ ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛟᚢᛏᚲᛟᛗᛖᛊ4. ᛁᚠ ᚨ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛃ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ’ᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛚ ᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞᚱᚨᛁᛚᛊ, ᚨᚲᚲᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛚᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ’ᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖᛊ ᚲᚨᛏᚨᛊᛏᚱᛟᚠᛁᚲ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚲᚨᚾᚾᛟᛏ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᚨᚹᛟᚹ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛃ ᚲᛚᚨᛁᛗᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛃ ᚨᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ4. ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ, ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛒᛖᚨᚱᛊ ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚢᛚᛏᚱᚨ ᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ (ᚨᚲᛏᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᚲᛖᛖᛞᛁᛜ ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ) ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛁᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ26.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᛚᚹᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛚᛟᛜᛊᛏᚨᚾᛞᛁᛜ ᚹᛁᚷᛁᛚᚨᚾᛏᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᚨᛞᛟᚲᛊ. ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱ ᛏᛟ 2026, ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛈᛟᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺᚾᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖ ᛒᚨᚲᚲ ᚨᛏ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛒᚢᛏ ᛚᚨᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᛟᛊᛊᛖᛊᛊᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛒᚢᛏ ᛚᚨᚲᚲᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚨᚷᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛟᛈᚱᛁᛖᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚹᛁᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏ ᚺᚢᚾᛞᚱᛖᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᚠᚠᚢᛊᛖ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ4. ᛒᛃ ᚠᚢᛊᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᛖᛏ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ $1 ᛗᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾ ᛒᛟᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᚷᛖ, ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᛟᚷᚢᛖ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᚠᛟᛚᛞ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛖᚨᚲᛖ5.

ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ, ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ

ᚹᛖᚾ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, ᛁᛏ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᚷᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᛊᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛞᚢᛏᛃ ᛟᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛚᛚᛟᚹ ᚲᚾᛟᚹᛁᛜᛚᛃ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛒᛖ ᚢᛊᛖᛞ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨᚲᛏᛊ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛟᚦᛖᚱ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ, ᚨ ᛈᚱᛁᚾᚲᛁᛈᛚᛖ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚱᚠᚢ ᚲᚺᚨᚾᚾᛖᛚ ᚲᚨᛊᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᛖᚨᛏᛖᛞᛚᛃ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚷᚷᛖ20.
ᚹᛖᚾ ᚨ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊ ᛊᚨᚠᛖ ᚺᚨᚹᛖᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ, ᛟᚱ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛁᛊᛏᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛁᚷᚾᛟᚱᛖᛊ ᛖᚹᛁᛞᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᚲᚱᛁᛗᛖ ᛖᛗᚨᚾᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛃᚢᚱᛁᛊᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᛖᛞ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ20. ᚦᛁᛊ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖ ᛒᛃ ᛟᛗᛁᛊᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏ31. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛟᚷᛁᚲ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚹᛖᚾ ᚨ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛊ “ᚢᚾᚹᛁᛚᛚᛁᛜ ᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ” ᛏᛟ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛖ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛟᚹᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᛊ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᛏᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚲᛁᛏᛁᛉᛖᚾᛊ19.
ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ’ᛊ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᚢᚱᛖ ᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᛚ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚ ᚨᚲᛏ, ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᚲᛏᛁᛗ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᚨᛃ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ. ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᛁᛏ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛏᚨᚲᛖ ᛟᚦᛖᚱᚹᛁᛊᛖ ᚢᚾᛚᚨᚹᚠᚢᛚ ᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚨ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ21. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛏᛟ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛗᛖᚲᚺᚨᚾᛁᛊᛗᛊ21. ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛁᛏᛊᛖᛚᚠ, ᛏᚱᚨᛞᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱᛗᛖᚨᛊᚢᚱᛖᛊ ᚦᛖᛟᚱᛃ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛊᛖᚨᛗᛚᛖᛊᛊᛚᛃ ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛃ5.
ᛏᛟ ᛒᚱᛁᛞᚷᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚷᚨᛈ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛗᚢᛊᛏ ᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚾᛖᚲᛖᛊᛊᛁᛏᛃ. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛚᚢᛞᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚹᚱᛟᛜᚠᚢᛚᚾᛖᛊᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛁᚠ ᛁᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛟᚾᛚᛃ ᚹᚨᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛊᚨᚠᛖᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞ ᚨᚾ ᛖᛊᛊᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛖᛊᛏ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚨ ᚷᚱᚨᚹᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᛗᛗᛁᚾᛖᚾᛏ ᛈᛖᚱᛁᛚ. ᚲᛟᛗᛒᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᛖᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛒᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛟᛚᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛖᚲᛟᚾᛟᛗᛁᚲ ᛞᚱᚨᛁᚾ, ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛟᛁᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚺᛁᛚᛞᚱᛖᚾ ᚹᛁᚨ ᛊᛖᚲᛊᛏᛟᚱᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛊᚲᚺᛖᛗᛖᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚺᚨᛚᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚱᛟᛗᛁᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛒᛃ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛒᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚱᚷᚢᛖᛞ ᚨᛊ ᛊᚨᚠᛖᚷᚢᚨᚱᛞᛁᛜ ᚨᚾ ᛖᛊᛊᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛖᛊᛏ, ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛏᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᛏ ᛖᚹᛖᚾ ᚹᛖᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚨ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚺᛟᛊᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛃ ᛃᚢᚱᛁᛊᛞᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ4.

ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚾᛟᚱᛗ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛚᛟᚾᛁᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ

ᚦᛖ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛞᛁᚱᛖᚲᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛖᚱᛊ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏ ᚨ ᛈᚱᛟᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ. ᛒᛃ ᚲᛟᛞᛁᚠᛃᛁᛜ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᛗᛗᛟᛞᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛖᛗ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚨᛞᚨᛈᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛖᚲᛟᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ, ᚲᚨᚱᚱᛃᛁᛜ ᛊᛖᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛟᚾᛞ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ.

ᛞᛖᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᚾᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛞᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ

ᛟᚾᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛟᛊᛏ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚺᚨᛚᛚᛖᛜᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛖᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᛞᛖᚲᛟᚾᚠᛚᛁᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚲᚱᛟᛊᛊ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ, ᚦᛖ ᛞᛖᛈᚨᚱᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚹᚨᚱ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᛏᛃ4. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛖᚱᛏᛊ ᚾᛟᛏᛖ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᚱᚲ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ: ᛒᛖᚲᚨᚢᛊᛖ ᛗᛁᛚᛁᛏᚨᚱᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚲᛚᚨᛊᛊᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ, ᛁᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᛚᛁᚲᛖᛚᛃ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚷᛖᚾᚲᛁᛖᛊ ᚹᛁᛚᛚ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛖ ᛊᛖᚾᛊᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛁᛈᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚹᚨᚱᚾ ᚦᛖᛗ ᛟᚠᚠ ᚨ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ4.
ᚠᚢᚱᚦᛖᚱᛗᛟᚱᛖ, ᚦᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᛖᛏ’ᛊ ᛒᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚱᚲᚺᛁᛏᛖᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛞᛁᚲᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚨ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨᚾ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛗᚨᛃ ᚱᛟᚢᛏᛖ ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛏᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛞᛁᛊᚱᚢᛈᛏ, ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚢᛏᛁᛜ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛚᛟᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾ ᚨᛚᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛁᛖᛊ4. ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛃᚢᛊᛏᛁᚠᛁᛖᛞ, ᚲᛟᛚᛚᚨᛏᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᛞᚨᛗᚨᚷᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚ ᚦᛁᚱᛞ-ᛈᚨᚱᛏᛃ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᛊᛁᛚᛃ ᛏᚱᛁᚷᚷᛖᚱ ᛞᛁᛈᛚᛟᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᚹᛟᚲᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚹᛖᚱᛃ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8 ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ4. ᛏᛟ ᛗᛁᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖ ᚦᛁᛊ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ ᚱᛖᚲᚹᛁᚱᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛁᛗᛗᛖᛞᛁᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ ᚲᛖᚨᛊᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛃ ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖᛃ ᚢᚾᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏ U.S. ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚱ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ, ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚠᛟᚢᚱᚦ ᚨᛗᛖᚾᛞᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᛁᛊᚨ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛞᛟᚲᛏᚱᛁᚾᛖ5. ᚺᛟᚹᛖᚹᛖᚱ, ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚨᛚᛚᛁᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᛖᛊ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛖᚲᛁᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛟᚱᛊ.

ᚾᛟᚱᛗ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚾᛏᛁ-ᛈᛁᚱᚨᚲᛃ ᚨᚾᚨᛚᛟᚷᛁᛖᛊ

ᛒᛃ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚺᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᚾᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᚹᛁᛟᚱ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᛏ ᛗᚨᛃ ᚠᛁᚾᛞ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛟᛒᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖ ᛁᚠ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛒᛃ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛟᚱᛊ. ᚦᛖ ᚺᛁᛊᛏᛟᚱᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛈᛁᚱᚨᚲᛃ ᛁᛊ ᚨ ᚠᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚾᚲᛖᛈᛏ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᚲᚺᛟᛚᚨᚱᛊ ᚹᚨᚱᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛖᛗᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛏᛖᚲᚺ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚲᛚᛟᛊᛖᛚᛃ ᛗᛁᛗᛁᚲᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱᚾ-ᛞᚨᛃ ᛚᛖᛏᛏᛖᚱᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛗᚨᚱᚲᚹᛖ, ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛟᚱᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖᛖᚱᛁᛜ4.
ᛁᚠ ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚾᛟᚱᛗᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᛈᛚᛟᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚲᛊᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏᛊ ᛁᛏ ᛞᛖᛖᛗᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ, ᚱᛁᚹᚨᛚ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᚢᚲᚺ ᚨᛊ ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ, ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨ, ᛟᚱ ᛁᚱᚨᚾ ᛗᚨᛃ ᚨᛞᛟᛈᛏ ᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ. ᚦᛖᛃ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛟᚹᚾ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚲᛟᚱᛈᛟᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚺᚨᚲᚲ ᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱᚾ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ, ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛁᛜ ᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᛊᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛊ, ᛃᛟᚢᚱᚾᚨᛚᛁᛊᛏᛊ, ᛟᚱ ᚱᛁᚹᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛖᚾᛏᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᛊ “ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ” ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛟᚹᚾ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛚᚨᚹᛊ4. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛈᚱᛟᛚᛁᚠᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚹᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱᛗᛁᚾᛖ ᛟᛜᛟᛁᛜ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛖᚠᚠᛟᚱᛏᛊ ᛒᛃ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚷᚷᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛟᛖᚹᚷ ᛏᛟ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ, ᚱᛖᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚾᛟᚱᛗᛊ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ4.

ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛒᛚᛟᚲᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛚᛟᚾᛁᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ

ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409 ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᛁᚲᛁᛏᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛊᛁᚷᚾᛖᛞ ᛏᛟ ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛏᚨᛁᚾ U.S. ᚺᛖᚷᛖᛗᛟᚾᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᚨᛁ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ. ᛒᛃ ᛚᛖᚹᛖᚱᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚢᚾᚱᛁᚹᚨᛚᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᚨᛁ ᛞᛟᛗᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛟᚢᚱᚲᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛖ ᚦᛟᛊᛖ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛊᛖᛖᚲᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚹᛖᚨᛈᛟᚾᛁᛉᛖ ᚨᛁ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᛊ ᚨ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛏᛟᛟᛚ6.
ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᚲᚨᛚᚲᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚺᚨᛊ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᛖᛊᚲᚨᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚨᛁ ᚨᚱᛗᛊ ᚱᚨᚲᛖ. ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛞᛟᚢᛒᛚᛁᛜ ᛞᛟᚹᚾ ᛟᚾ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᚹᛖᛊᛏᛗᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᛖᚱ U.S. ᛞᛟᛗᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᛖᚹᛖᚾᛏ ᚱᛖᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᚾ ᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱᚾ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗᛊ. ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᚨᛗᛈᛚᛖ, ᚱᚢᛊᛊᛁᚨ’ᛊ “ᛊᛏᚨᚱᛏ-ᛁᛁ” ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛈᚱᛟᚹᛁᛞᛖᛊ ᛊᚢᛒᛊᛏᚨᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᚷᚱᚨᚾᛏᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈ ᚨᛁ ᛊᛟᛚᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛊᛈᛖᚲᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛁᛗᛖᛞ ᚨᛏ ᚱᛖᛈᛚᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᚱᛏᛖᛞ ᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱᚾ ᛊᛟᚠᛏᚹᚨᚱᛖ, ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛃᚨᛈᚨᚾ ᚺᚨᛊ ᛖᚨᚱᛗᚨᚱᚲᛖᛞ ᚺᚢᚾᛞᚱᛖᛞᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛒᛁᛚᛚᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛃᛖᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚠᚢᚾᛞ ᚺᛟᛗᛖᚷᚱᛟᚹᚾ ᛚᚨᚱᚷᛖ ᛚᚨᛜᚢᚨᚷᛖ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚢᛊᛖ13.
ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛈᛟᛚᛁᚲᛃ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᚹᛟᛁᛞᛊ ᛁᛗᛈᛟᛊᛁᛜ ᛒᚢᚱᛞᛖᚾᛊᛟᛗᛖ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᛁ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛖᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛊᛈᛖᛖᛞ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚹᛁᛚᛖ ᛊᛁᛗᚢᛚᛏᚨᚾᛖᛟᚢᛊᛚᛃ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛟᚱᛏ ᚲᛟᚾᛏᚱᛟᛚᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚺᛁᚷᚺ-ᛈᛖᚱᚠᛟᚱᛗᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᛁ ᚲᚺᛁᛈᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚᛊ ᛏᛟ ᛒᛚᛟᚲᚲ ᚨᛞᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᚱᛁᚨᛚ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨᚲᚺᛁᛖᚹᛁᛜ ᛈᚨᚱᛁᛏᛃ6. ᛟᛒᛊᛖᚱᚹᛖᚱᛊ ᚹᚨᚱᚾ ᚦᚨᛏ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛃᚾᚨᛗᛁᚲ ᚱᛁᛊᚲᛊ ᚠᚱᚨᚲᛏᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛏᛖᚲᚺ ᛖᚲᛟᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛜ ᛒᛚᛟᚲᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚠᛟᚱᛗ ᛟᚠ “ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛚᛟᚾᛁᚨᛚᛁᛊᛗ,” ᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚾ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛁᛜ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚱᛖ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛞᛖᛈᛖᚾᛞᛖᚾᚲᛃ ᛟᚾ U.S.-controlled ᚨᛁ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚹᛖᚱᛃᚦᛁᛜ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚺᛖᚨᛚᚦᚲᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛗᚨᚾᚨᚷᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ, ᚦᛖᚱᛖᛒᛃ ᛈᛖᚱᛗᚨᚾᛖᚾᛏᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᛞᛖᚾᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛞᛁᚹᛁᛞᛖ13.

ᛊᛃᚾᚦᛖᛊᛁᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛁᚲ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᛊᛏᚢᚱᛖ

ᚦᛖ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚨ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚱᛃ ᛏᛟ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛖ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ-ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛊᛏᛖᛗ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨ ᛊᛁᛜᛚᛖ, ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᚲᚲᛖᛈᛏᛖᛞ ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛃ. ᚱᚨᚦᛖᚱ, ᛁᛏ ᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᚱᛁᚹᛖᛞ ᚠᚱᛟᛗ ᚨ ᚺᛁᚷᚺᛚᛃ ᛊᛟᚠᛁᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖᛞ, ᛚᚨᛃᛖᚱᛖᛞ ᛊᛃᚾᚦᛖᛊᛁᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛈᚱᚨᚷᛗᚨᛏᛁᚲ, ᚠᛚᛖᚲᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛖᛏᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ.
ᚦᚱᛟᚢᚷᚺ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409 ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᚷᚱᚨᛗ, ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚱᚲᛁᛊᛖᛊ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛈᚱᛖᚱᛟᚷᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚺᚨᚱᛞᛖᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛚᛖᚨᛞ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛞᛖᚹᛖᛚᛟᛈᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛟᚠ ᚠᚱᛟᚾᛏᛁᛖᚱ ᚨᛁ. ᛒᛃ ᚢᛏᛁᛚᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚠᚱᛞᚲ ᛗᛟᛞᛖᛚ ᚨᛏ ᚲᚨᚱᚾᛖᚷᛁᛖ ᛗᛖᛚᛚᛟᚾ’ᛊ ᛊᛖᛁ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛁᛊᚨ 2015, ᚦᛖ ᚷᛟᚹᛖᚱᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛖᛊᛏᚨᛒᛚᛁᛊᚺᛖᛊ ᚨ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᛏᛖᛞ ᛖᚾᚹᛁᚱᛟᚾᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛁᚾᚲᛖᚾᛏᛁᚹᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛊᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱ ᛏᛟ ᛊᚺᚨᚱᛖ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛞᚨᛏᚨ ᚹᛁᚦᛟᚢᛏ ᚠᚨᚲᛁᛜ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᛖᚱᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛚᛁᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛟᚱ ᚨᚾᛏᛁ-ᛏᚱᚢᛊᛏ ᚹᛁᛟᛚᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ12. ᚦᛁᛊ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᛈᛟᛊᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᚨᛚᛁᚷᚾᛊ ᛈᛖᚱᚠᛖᚲᛏᛚᛃ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚾᛟᚱᛗᛊ ᛖᚾᚲᛟᚢᚱᚨᚷᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᚨᛈᚨᚲᛁᛏᛃ ᛒᚢᛁᛚᛞᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛟᛏᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚱᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᚠᚱᚨᛊᛏᚱᚢᚲᛏᚢᚱᛖ19.
ᚲᛟᚾᚹᛖᚱᛊᛖᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ ᚾᛊᛈᛗ’ᛊ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛊ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛒᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᚱᛖᛈᚱᛖᛊᛖᚾᛏᛊ ᚨ ᛒᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚲᛊᛈᚨᚾᛊᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ. ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ “ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ” ᛁᛊ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛖᛞ ᚹᛁᚨ ᚦᛖ ᚲᚠᚨᚨ’ᛊ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛖᚾᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖᛗᛖᚾᛏ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᛗᛈᛏᛁᛟᚾ (18 U.S.C. § 1030(ᚠ)), ᛖᚠᚠᛖᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛈᚢᛏᛁᛉᛁᛜ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛒᚱᛁᛜᛁᛜ ᚦᛖᛗ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛗᛒᚱᛖᛚᛚᚨ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛖᛞᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ5. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᛈᚱᛖᛖᛗᛈᛏᛊ ᚨᚲᚲᚢᛊᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᚹᛁᚷᛁᛚᚨᚾᛏᛁᛊᛗ ᛒᛃ ᚨᛊᛊᚢᛗᛁᛜ ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚦᛖᛊᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚢᚾᛞᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛊᛁᚹᚨ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ 8, ᛖᚾᛊᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚦᚨᛏ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚱᛖᛗᚨᛁᚾ ᛒᛟᚢᚾᛞ ᛒᛃ ᚲᛟᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᛁᛗᛁᛏᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᚱᛟᚺᛁᛒᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚦᛖ ᚢᛊᛖ ᛟᚠ ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛖ5. ᛒᛃ ᚲᚨᚱᛖᚠᚢᛚᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᛚᛁᚾᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛖᛏᛊ ᚨᛊ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛖ-ᛏᚲᛟᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛏᛁᛜ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛒᛖᛚᛟᚹ ᚦᛖ ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚺᛟᛚᛞ ᛟᚠ ᚨᚾ ᚨᚱᛗᛖᛞ ᚨᛏᛏᚨᚲᚲ, ᚦᛖ U.S. ᚾᚨᚹᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚷᚱᛖᛃ ᛉᛟᚾᛖᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚾᛟᚾ-ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚹᛖᚾᛏᛁᛟᚾ, ᚨᛊᛊᛖᚱᛏᛁᛜ ᚨ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᚱᛁᚷᚺᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚾᛖᚢᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᛖᚱᛊᛁᛊᛏᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᚱᚨᚾᛊᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚦᚱᛖᚨᛏᛊ ᚹᛖᚾ ᚺᛟᛊᛏ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚠᚨᛁᛚ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖᛁᚱ ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛟᛒᛚᛁᚷᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ5.
ᚢᛚᛏᛁᛗᚨᛏᛖᛚᛃ, ᚦᛖᛊᛖ 2026 ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚱᛖᚠᛚᛖᚲᛏ ᚨ ᛒᚱᛟᚨᛞᛖᚱ ᚷᛖᛟᛈᛟᛚᛁᛏᛁᚲᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚱᚨᛏᛖᚷᛃ: ᛏᚱᛖᚨᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚾᛟᛏ ᛗᛖᚱᛖᛚᛃ ᚨᛊ ᛞᛟᛗᛖᛊᛏᛁᚲ ᚱᛖᚷᚢᛚᚨᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖᛊ, ᛒᚢᛏ ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᛈᚱᛁᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛞᛟᛗᚨᛁᚾᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛏᚹᛖᚾᛏᛃ-ᚠᛁᚱᛊᛏ-ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚢᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᛈᚱᛟᛃᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾ. ᚨᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚷᚷᚱᛖᛊᛊᛁᚹᛖᛚᛃ ᛞᛖᚠᛁᚾᛖᛊ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚲᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛁᛊ ᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, ᛁᛏ ᛁᚾᛖᚹᛁᛏᚨᛒᛚᛃ ᛊᚺᚨᛈᛖᛊ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚢᛏᚢᚱᛖ ᛏᚱᚨᛃᛖᚲᛏᛟᚱᛃ ᛟᚠ ᚲᚢᛊᛏᛟᛗᚨᚱᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, ᚠᛟᚱᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᚷᛚᛟᛒᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᛗᛗᚢᚾᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚨᛞᚨᛈᛏ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᚱᛖᚨᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚹᛖᚱᛖ ᚦᛖ ᛒᛟᚢᚾᛞᚨᚱᛁᛖᛊ ᛒᛖᛏᚹᛖᛖᚾ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱᛈᚱᛁᛊᛖ, ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᚾᛖᛏᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛟᚹᛖᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛈᛟᚹᛖᚱ ᚨᚱᛖ ᛁᚱᚱᛖᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛒᛚᛃ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᛏᚹᛁᚾᛖᛞ.

ᚹᛟᚱᚲᛊ ᚲᛁᛏᛖᛞ

1. ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ’ᛊ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᛁᚷᚾᚨᛚᛊ ᚨ ᚾᛖᚹ ᚠᚨᛊᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚨᛁ ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛞᛖᚠᛖᚾᛊᛖ, https://www.alstonprivacy.com/the-white-houses-gold-eagle-initiative-signals-a-new-phase-in-ai-enabled-cyber-defense/
2. ᚹᚨᛏ ᛁᛊ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ? ᚨ ᛞᛖᛏᚨᛁᛚᛖᛞ ᛟᚹᛖᚱᚹᛁᛖᚹ - ᚾᚢᚲᛚᛖᚢᛊ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, https://nucleussec.com/resources/knowledge-center/what-is-gold-eagle/
3. ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ: ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚱᛖᛈᛟᚱᛏᛁᛜ - ᚲᛁᛊᚨ, https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/gold-eagle-advancing-ai-driven-vulnerability-reporting
4. https://www.cybersecuritydive.com/news/us-private-companies-gangs-cyberattacks-offensive-operations/827805/
5. ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏᛁᚨᛚ ᛗᛖᛗᛟᚱᚨᚾᛞᚢᛗ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛉᛖᛊ ᚹᛖᛏᛏᛖᛞ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᚨᚾᛁᛖᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛟᚾᛞᚢᚲᛏ ᛟᚠᚠᛖᚾᛊᛁᚹᛖ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᚠᛟᚱᛖᛁᚷᚾ ᚲᚱᛁᛗᛁᚾᚨᛚ ᛟᚱᚷᚨᚾᛁᛉᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/08/presidential-memorandum-authorizes-vetted-private-companies-to-conduct-offensive-cyber-operations-against-foreign-criminal-organizations
6. ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛟᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ - ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/06/promoting-advanced-artificial-intelligence-innovation-and-security/
7. ᛒᚱᛁᛖᚠ ᚱᛖᚠᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚲᛟᚷᚾᛁᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛊᛖᛗᛁᛟᛏᛁᚲᛊ ᛟᚠ ᛈᚱᛖᛊᛁᛞᛖᚾᛏ ᛏᚱᚢᛗᛈ’ᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ; ᛈᚱᛟᛗᛟᛏᛁᛜ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᛚᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ (2 ᛃᚢᚾᛖ 2026) - ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᛏ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚾᛞ ᛟᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚨᛃ, https://lcbackerblog.blogspot.com/2026/06/president-trump-exercutive-order.html
8. ᚨᛁ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409 - ᚨᚲᚲᚢᚲᚾᛟᚲᛊ, https://accuknox.com/blog/ai-security-executive-order-14409
9. ᛏᚱᚢᛗᛈ U.S. ᚨᛁ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409 ᛖᚲᛊᛈᛚᚨᛁᚾᛖᛞ | ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚱᛁᛟᚱᛁᛏᛁᛖᛊ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛚᛁᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᛗᛈᚨᚲᛏ | ᚠᛟᛊᛏᛖᚱ ᛊᚹᛁᚠᛏ - ᛒᛁᛉᛏᛖᚲᚺ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛒᛚᛟᚷ, https://www.michiganitlaw.com/trump-ai-executive-order-cybersecurity-priorities-innovation-impact
10. ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛁᛊᛊᚢᛖᛊ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ ᛟᚾ ᚨᛞᚹᚨᚾᚲᛖᛞ ᚨᛁ ᛁᚾᚾᛟᚹᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ - ᛈᛖᚨᚱᛚ ᚲᛟᚺᛖᚾ, https://www.pearlcohen.com/white-house-issues-executive-order-on-advanced-ai-innovation-and-security/
11. ᚢᛊ ᚨᛁ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409: ᚹᚨᛏ ᛁᛏ ᛞᛟᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚹᚨᛏ ᛁᛏ ᛗᛖᚨᚾᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛖᚢᚱᛟᛈᛖ | ᛃᚨᛊᛈᛖᚱ ᛒᛖᚱᚾᚨᛖᚱᛊ, https://jasperbernaers.com/us-ai-executive-order-14409-what-it-means-for-europe/
12. ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛏᚨᚲᛖᛊ ᚠᛚᛁᚷᚺᛏ: ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᚨᛁ-ᛖᚾᚨᛒᛚᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ - ᚲ\&ᛚ ᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ, https://www.klgates.com/thought-leadership/GOLD-EAGLE-Takes-Flight-White-House-Launches-AI-Enabled-Cybersecurity-Clearinghouse-7-29-2026
13. U.S. ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚾᛊᛁᚠᛁᛖᛊ ᚨᛁ ᚲᛟᛗᛈᛖᛏᛁᛏᛁᛟᚾ​ - ᚠᚨᚾ ᚷᚨᛟᛃᚢᛖ - ᚲᚺᛁᚾᚨ ᚢᛊ ᚠᛟᚲᚢᛊ, https://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/us-initiative-intensifies-ai-competition
14. ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛊ “ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ” ᚨᛁ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ: ᚹᚨᛏ ᛁᛏ ᚲᛟᚢᛚᛞ ᛗᛖᚨᚾ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛁᚨᛚ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ | ᚲᛟᚾᛊᚢᛗᛖᚱ ᚠᛁᚾᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᛗᛟᚾᛁᛏᛟᚱ, https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2026/07/17/white-house-launches-gold-eagle-ai-cybersecurity-clearinghouse-what-it-could-mean-for-financial-institutions/
15. ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ ᛁᚾᛁᛏᛁᚨᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚢᚾᛈᚱᛖᚲᛖᛞᛖᚾᛏᛖᛞ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ, https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2026/07/white-house-launches-gold-eagle-initiative-for-unprecedented-cybersecurity-vulnerability-coordination/
16. ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ ᛖᚲᛊᛖᚲᚢᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛟᚱᛞᛖᚱ 14409: ᚾᛖᚲᛊᛏ ᛊᛏᛖᛈᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛜ ᚨᛁ - ᚲᚱᛟᚹᛞᛊᛏᚱᛁᚲᛖ, https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/after-executive-order-14409-next-steps-for-securing-ai/
17. ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛊ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ “ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ” ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛖᚾᛏᚱᚨᛚᛁᛉᛖ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲ-ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛟᛟᚱᛞᛁᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾ : ᚱ/ᚾᛖᛏᛊᛖᚲ - ᚱᛖᛞᛞᛁᛏ, https://www.reddit.com/r/netsec/comments/1uzllm1/white_house_launches_aidriven_gold_eagle/
18. ᚹᛁᛏᛖ ᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ ᛚᚨᚢᚾᚲᚺᛖᛊ ‘ᚷᛟᛚᛞ ᛖᚨᚷᛚᛖ’ ᚨᛁ-ᛞᚱᛁᚹᛖᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚹᚢᛚᚾᛖᚱᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚲᛚᛖᚨᚱᛁᛜᚺᛟᚢᛊᛖ, https://www.paulhastings.com/insights/ph-privacy/white-house-launches-gold-eagle-ai-driven-cybersecurity-vulnerability-clearinghouse
19. ᚨ/76/136* ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚨᛊᛊᛖᛗᛒᛚᛃ - ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛞᛁᚷᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᛚᛁᛒᚱᚨᚱᛃ ᛊᛃᛊᛏᛖᛗ, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3933543/files/A_76_136-EN.pdf
20. ᚦᛖ ᛊᛁᚲᛊᚦ ᚢᚾᛁᛏᛖᛞ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚷᚷᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᛃᚢᛊᛏ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, https://www.justsecurity.org/76864/the-sixth-united-nations-gge-and-international-law-in-cyberspace/
21. ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᚷᛖᛟᚱᚷᛖᛏᛟᚹᚾ ᛚᚨᚹ - ᚲᛖᚾᛏᛖᚱ ᛟᚾ ᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛊᛖᚲᚢᚱᛁᛏᛃ, https://nationalsecurity.law.georgetown.edu/publication/international-law-in-cyberspace/
22. ᚱᛖᚦᛁᚾᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᚢᛊ ᚲᚹᛟ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛏᛟ ᛚᛖᚷᚨᛚᛚᛃ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ, ᚨᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᚺᚨᚾᚲᛖ ᚨᚲᚲᛟᚢᚾᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛞᛖᛏᛖᚱᚱᛖ, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3154\&ᚲᛟᚾᛏᛖᚲᛊᛏ=ᛁᛚᛊ
23. ᛏᚨᛗᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛚᚨᚹᛚᛖᛊᛊ ᚹᛟᛁᛞ: ᛏᚱᚨᚲᚲᛁᛜ ᚦᛖ ᛖᚹᛟᛚᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚱᚢᛚᛖᛊ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ, https://tnsr.org/2020/07/taming-the-lawless-void-tracking-the-evolution-of-international-law-rules-for-cyberspace/
24. ᚦᛖ ᚢᚾ ᚷᚷᛖ ᚠᚨᛁᛚᛖᛞ. ᛁᛊ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᛞᛟᛟᛗᛖᛞ ᚨᛊ ᚹᛖᛚᛚ? - ᛚᚨᚹᚠᚨᚱᛖ, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/un-gge-failed-international-law-cyberspace-doomed-well
25. ᛊᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛁᛟ 08: ᚲᛖᚱᛏᛁᚠᛁᚲᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚢᚦᛟᚱᛁᛏᛃ ᚺᚨᚲᚲ - ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚹ: ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚨᚲᛏᛁᚹᛖ ᛏᛟᛟᛚᚲᛁᛏ, https://cyberlaw.ccdcoe.org/wiki/Scenario_08:_Certificate_authority_hack
26. ᛊᚲᛖᚾᚨᚱᛁᛟ 05: ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛁᚾᚹᛖᛊᛏᛁᚷᚨᛏᛖᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛞᛊ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚷᚨᛁᚾᛊᛏ ᛈᚱᛁᚹᚨᛏᛖ ᚨᚲᛏᛟᚱᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛁᛏᛊ ᛏᛖᚱᚱᛁᛏᛟᚱᛃ, https://cyberlaw.ccdcoe.org/wiki/Scenario_05:_State_investigates_and_responds_to_cyber_operations_against_private_actors_in_its_territory
27. ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛁᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ - ᛚᚢᚾᛞ ᚢᚾᛁᚹᛖᚱᛊᛁᛏᛃ ᛈᚢᛒᛚᛁᚲᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9081150/file/9087494.pdf
28. ᛏᛖᚨᚲᚺᛁᛜ ᛟᛚᛞ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚾᛖᚹ ᛏᚱᛁᚲᚲᛊ: ᚨᛈᛈᛚᛃᛁᛜ ᚨᚾᛞ ᚨᛞᚨᛈᛏᛁᛜ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛏᛟ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ, https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/22076-lcb202art9paynepdf
29. ᚠᚢᛚᛚ ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ: ᚦᛖ ᚹᛁᛏᚨᛚ ᚱᛟᛚᛖ ᛟᚠ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᛁᚾ ᚦᛖ ᚠᚱᚨᛗᛖᚹᛟᚱᚲ ᚠᛟᚱ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛚᛖ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᛒᛖᚺᚨᚹᛁᛟᚢᚱ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - ᛏᚨᛃᛚᛟᚱ & ᚠᚱᚨᚾᚲᛁᛊ, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23738871.2020.1832550
30. ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛏᛟ ᚨ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ (ᚲᚺᚨᛈᛏᛖᚱ 4) - ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛟᛈᛖᚱᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cyber-operations-and-international-law/attribution-to-a-state/FC97677A3B551311148C74CAAE8F781D
31. ᚦᛖ ᚨᛏᛏᚱᛁᛒᚢᛏᛁᛟᚾ ᛟᚠ ᛟᛗᛁᛊᛊᛁᛟᚾᛊ: ᛞᚢᛖ ᛞᛁᛚᛁᚷᛖᚾᚲᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛏᛖ ᚱᛖᛊᛈᛟᚾᛊᛁᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ - ᚢᚾᛁᛚ, https://api.unil.ch/iris/server/api/core/bitstreams/f7c00530-b70f-4b4c-bc04-df9db0eb6325/content
32. ᚱᛖᛗᚨᚱᚲᛊ ᛟᚾ ᛁᚾᛏᛖᚱᚾᚨᛏᛁᛟᚾᚨᛚ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᚾᛞ ᛊᛏᚨᛒᛁᛚᛁᛏᛃ ᛁᚾ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱᛊᛈᚨᚲᛖ - State.gov, https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/l/releases/remarks/264303.htm
33. ᚨᚱᛏᛁᚲᛚᛖ, https://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HNSJ-Vol-12-Schmitt-and-Watts-Collective-Cyber-Countermeasures.pdf
34. ᚱᛖᚠᛚᛖᚲᛏᛁᛟᚾᛊ ᛟᚾ ᚦᛖ ᛞᛟᛞ ᚷᛖᚾᛖᚱᚨᛚ ᚲᛟᚢᚾᛊᛖᛚ’ᛊ ᚲᛃᛒᛖᚱ ᛚᚨᚹ ᚨᛞᛞᚱᛖᛊᛊ - ᛚᛁᛖᛒᛖᚱ ᛁᚾᛊᛏᛁᛏᚢᛏᛖ - ᚹᛖᛊᛏ ᛈᛟᛁᚾᛏ, https://lieber.westpoint.edu/reflections-dod-general-counsels-cyber-law-address/